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Child health > immunisations > Flashcards

immunisations Flashcards

1
Q

how do vaccines work

A

Vaccines teach the immune system to recognise bacteria and viruses before that individual encounters them as potential pathogens, so allowing the body to fight against the pathogens

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2
Q

what are the 3 types of immunity

A

active
passive
herd

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3
Q

what is an antigen

A

bacteria or virus which is recognised by the immune system

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4
Q

what are antigens made of

A

proteins or polysaccharides (sugars)

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5
Q

how does the body respond to antigens

A

produce antibodies

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6
Q

what is an antibody

A

proteins which bind to antigens

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7
Q

what 2 cells produce antibodies

A

B cells

T cells

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8
Q

how do B cells produce antibodies, where does this take place

A

in the bone marrow

triggered to produce antibody when encounter foreign antigen

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9
Q

how do T cells produce antibodies, where does this take place

A

in the thymus

Orchestrate response of immune system by binding to other cells and sending out signals

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10
Q

what is passive immunity

A

transfer of pre-formed antibodies

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11
Q

give examples of passive immunity

A

mother to unborn baby via placenta
mother to baby via breast milk
blood donor
artificial human Ig

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12
Q

give examples of which vaccines act like passive immunity

A 
Hep B
rabies
varicella-zoster 
diphtheria
botulinum
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13
Q

give examples of active immunity

A

natural infection

artificial immunisation

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14
Q

describe herd immunity, what does it require

A

Protection of unvaccinated individuals, through having sufficiently large proportion of population vaccinated

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15
Q

what does herd immunity require

A

no other reservoir of disease

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16
Q

what is the mechanism of effect of vaccines

A

Induce cell mediated immunity responses and serum antibodies

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17
Q

what are the 2 types of vaccine

A

live

inactivated

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18
Q

what are live vaccines

A

attenuated organism, replicate in host

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19
Q

give examples of live vaccines

A

measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, rotavirus, zoster, flu

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20
Q

what are the 3 types of inactivated vaccine

A

suspension of whole organism
subunit vaccine
conjugate vaccine

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21
Q

give examples of inactive suspension vaccine

A

whole cell pertussis (whooping cough), whole cell typhoid

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22
Q

give examples of inactive

subunit vaccines

A

diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid

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23
Q

give examples of inactive conjugate vaccines

A

HiB (haemophilus influenza)

MenC

24
Q

what is a conjugate vaccine

A

polysaccharide attached to immunogenic proteins

25
Q

what are the contraindications for live vaccines

A

immunosuppressed

pregnancy

26
Q

what are the contraindications for vaccines

A

confirmed anaphylaxis to previous dose of SAME antigen or vaccine component
egg allergy
severe latex allergy
acute or revolving illness

27
Q

what vaccines should you have at 2 months

A

DTaP/IPV/Hib/HBV
MenB
rotavirus
PCV

28
Q

what vaccines should you have at 3 months

A

DTaP/IPV/Hib/HBV
MenC
rotavirus

29
Q

what vaccines should you have at 4 months

A

DTaP/IPV/Hib/HBV
MenB
PCV

30
Q

what vaccines should you have at 12-13 months

A

MenB
MenC/HiB
PCV

31
Q

what vaccines should you have at 3yrs 4 months - 5yrs

A

MMR

DTaP/IPV

32
Q

what vaccines should you have at 2 - 12 yrs

A

flu

33
Q

when should you have DTaP/IPV/Hib/HBV

A

2, 3, and 4 months

34
Q

when should you have MenC

A

3 months

35
Q

when should you have MenB

A

2, 4, 12-13 months

36
Q

when should you have rotavirus

A

2 and 3 months

37
Q

when should you have PCV

A

2, 4, 12-13 months

38
Q

when should you have MenC/HiB

A

12-13 months

39
Q

when should you have MMR

A

12-13 months and 3 yrs 4 months - 5 years

40
Q

when should you have DTaP/IPV

A

3 yrs 4 months - 5 years

41
Q

when should you have flu vaccine

A

2-12 years old

42
Q

what vaccine should you have at 12-18yrs (S3 and above),

what does it protect against

A

Td/IPV

tetanus, polio and diphtheria

43
Q

what vaccine should you have at 13-14yrs (S3)

A

MenACWY

44
Q

what vaccine should girls have at 12-13yrs (S1/2)

A

HPV

45
Q

what vaccine should you have >65

A

flu

PPV

46
Q

what vaccine should you have at 70, 71, 72, 78 and 79

A

Zoster

47
Q

define “extinction” of a disease, give examples

A

The specific infectious agent no longer exists in nature or in the laboratory.

Example: none.

48
Q

define “elimination” of a disease, give examples

A

Reduction to zero of the incidence of a specified disease in a defined geographical area as a result of deliberate efforts

example: neonatal tetanus

49
Q

define “eradication” of a disease, give examples

A

Permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent as a result of deliberate efforts

example: smallpox

50
Q

define “control” of a disease, give examples

A

reduction of disease to locally acceptable level

example: diarrhoeal diseases

51
Q

what is the Hib vaccine protecting against

A

haemophilus influenza

52
Q

what is the DTaP/IPV/Hib/HBV vaccine protecting against

A

polio
diphtheria
haemophilus influenza
hep B

53
Q

what is the DTaP/IPV vaccine protecting against

A

whooping cough
polio
diphtheria
tetanus

54
Q

what is the PCV vaccine protecting against

A

pneumococcal diseases in children

55
Q

what is the PPV vaccine protecting against

A

pneumococcal diseases in adults

Child health (5 decks)

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