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1
Q

What is communication?

A

The transmission of a message from a source to a receiver.

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2
Q

Who identified key questions to describe communication?

A

Harold Lasswell.

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3
Q

List the key questions proposed by Harold Lasswell to describe communication. (5)

A
  • Who?
  • Says what?
  • Through which channel?
  • To whom?
  • With what effect?
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4
Q

What is the source in the communication process?

A

The originator or initiator of the message; sender or encoder of information.

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5
Q

Define encoding in communication.

A

The sender’s creation and organization of ideas to form a message.

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6
Q

What is a message in the context of communication?

A

The product of the sender’s encoding; can be verbal and/or non-verbal.

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7
Q

What is the channel in communication?

A

The pathway, route, or medium through which the message travels from the source to the recipient.

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8
Q

What is decoding?

A

The process by which the receiver translates or interprets the source’s message.

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9
Q

Who is the receiver in the communication process?

A

The individual or audience intended to receive the information.

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10
Q

What is feedback in communication?

A

The response of the receiver to the message.

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11
Q

What does noise refer to in communication?

A

Any distraction, interference, or hindrance in the communication process.

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12
Q

What is intrapersonal communication?

A

Communication that takes place within a person; an internal conversation with oneself.

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13
Q

Define interpersonal communication.

A

Communication that occurs between two or more persons interacting with each other.

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14
Q

What is mediated or machine-assisted communication?

A

A type of interpersonal communication that uses mechanical and technological devices.

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15
Q

What is public communication?

A

Involves an individual delivering a speech or message in front of an audience.

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16
Q

Define mass communication.

A

Involves producing and transmitting messages to a large audience using mechanical and technological devices.

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17
Q

What is the linear or transmission model of communication?

A

A one-way process where a sender intentionally transmits a message to a receiver.

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18
Q

What does the interactive or interaction model of communication emphasize?

A

Participants alternate positions as sender and receiver and generate meaning through feedback.

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19
Q

What is the transaction model of communication?

A

A process where communicators generate social realities within social, relational, and cultural contexts.

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20
Q

What is media literacy?

A

Understanding and using mass media in an informed and critical manner.

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21
Q

Define information literacy.

A

The ability to recognize when information is needed and to locate, evaluate, effectively use, and communicate information.

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22
Q

What is digital technology literacy?

A

The ability to use digital technology and communication tools to locate, evaluate, use, and create information.

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23
Q

What characterizes the pre-industrial age in media history?

A

Discovery of fire, development of paper, and creation of early forms of communication like cave paintings.

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24
Q

What significant developments occurred during the industrial age? (4)

A
  • Newspapers
  • Printing press for mass production
  • Typewriter
  • Telephone
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25
What defines the electronic age?
The invention of the transistor, leading to efficient long-distance communication.
26
What are some examples of the information age? (4)
* Portable computers * Web browsers * Social networks * Smart phones
27
What is technological determinism?
The idea that technology is the predominant agent of social and cultural change.
28
What does cultural determinism emphasize?
Society determines the technological agenda and diffusion of technologies.
29
What is the normative theory of the press?
An idea explaining how media should operate in a given system of social values.
30
What is libertarianism in the context of media?
The philosophy asserting that people can distinguish right from wrong with full access to information.
31
What does the social responsibility theory assert?
Media must remain free from government control but should serve the public.
32
What is the role of the press in authoritarianism and communism?
Media serves to enhance the ruler’s power and is subject to full censorship.
33
What is the monitoring function of communication?
To inform citizens of what is happening.
34
What is the significance of facts in media?
To educate the audience.
35
Define print media.
Media that uses paper and ink, reproduced through a mechanical printing process.
36
What is broadcast media?
Media that targets audiences using airwaves as the transmission medium.
37
What defines new media?
Content organized and distributed on digital platforms.
38
What is media convergence?
The co-existence of traditional and new media.
39
What is the mass society theory?
The idea that media are corrupting influences that undermine social order.
40
Define limited effects theory.
The theory that media influence is limited by individual differences and social categories.
41
What is cultural theory in relation to communication effects?
Reality is a social construction negotiated by media and audiences.
42
What does the meaning-making perspective suggest?
Active audience members use media content to create meaning and meaningful experiences.
43
What is information?
Data that has been collected, processed, and interpreted for presentation.
44
Define information literacy according to UNESCO.
The ability to recognize when information is needed and to effectively use and communicate it.
45
What are the stages of information literacy? (4)
* Identifying information needs * Locating information * Analyzing quality * Using information ethically
46
What is plagiarism?
Using others' words and ideas without acknowledging the source.
47
What must you do to avoid plagiarism?
Quote exactly and cite the source if using exact language or non-common knowledge.
48
What are indigenous knowledge?
Knowledge unique to a specific culture, often not written down.
49
Define indigenous media.
Original information created by a local group of people.
50
What are some forms of indigenous media? (5)
1. Folk or traditional media 2. Gatherings and social organizations 3. Direct observation 4. Records - may be written, carved, or oral 5. Oral instruction
51
What are the main types of indigenous media? (5)
* Folk or traditional media * Gatherings and social organizations * Direct observation * Records (written, carved, or oral) * Oral instruction ## Footnote Indigenous media serve as channels for change, education, and development with direct access to local communities.
52
How are libraries classified? (4)
* Academic * Public * School * Special ## Footnote Libraries can be either digital or physical in form.
53
What ensures the reliability of books and documents from dominant sources?
Peer review and ISSN or ISBN registration ## Footnote These processes ensure that standards were followed in producing these materials.
54
Name some recommended publishers known globally.
* Pearson * McGraw-Hill * Sage * Wiley * CCE Bookstore * REX * Phoenix * Anvil Publishing houses ## Footnote These publishers are recognized for their competitive quality.
55
What is a significant challenge of accessing information on the Internet?
Determining its reliability and accuracy ## Footnote Factual and fictitious data are often merged, requiring more discipline to validate sources.
56
What are alternative forms of communication that have become popular?
* Social media * Blogs * Flash mob performances ## Footnote These forms offer greater freedom and power to individuals but may contain biased information.
57
What is the 'language' of media and information?
The technical and symbolic ingredients or codes and conventions used to communicate ideas ## Footnote Each medium has its own unique way of conveying meaning.
58
What are media languages? (5)
Codes, conventions, formats, symbols, and narrative structures indicating the meaning of media messages ## Footnote Media languages can also include verbal or visual language.
59
True or False: Different media platforms have the same codes and conventions.
False ## Footnote Each media platform has its own unique characteristics and ways of presentation.
60
Define intellectual property.
Creations of mind, including inventions, designs, brand names, and literary and artistic works ## Footnote Intellectual property is protected by laws like patents and copyrights.
61
What is a patent?
An exclusive right granted for a new, inventive, useful product ## Footnote Patents can cover new products, processes, or technical improvements.
62
What does copyright protect?
Literary and artistic works, such as books, musical works, films, and computer programs ## Footnote Copyright grants exclusive rights to creators for their original works.
63
Posting rude, offensive, or insulting messages against a victim on the internet
cyberbullying ## Footnote Victims can seek remedies under current laws even though specific legislation is pending.
64
The unequal distribution of digital resources affecting access and use of technology
Digital divide ## Footnote It encompasses both accessibility and the ability to effectively use available technology.
65
Network etiquette that governs respectful and appropriate behavior online
netiquette ## Footnote Practicing netiquette is essential for positive interactions in the virtual world.
66
types of censorship (5)
political censor, moral censor, religious censor, military censor, corporate censor.
67
NORMATIVE THEORY OF THE PRESS (3 types)
1. Libertarianism 2. Social Responsibility Theory 3. Authoritarianism and Communism
68
MAJOR THEORIES EXPLAINING THE EFFECTS OF COMMUNICATION AS WELL AS SOME OF THE WELL-KNOWN ARGUMENTS OF MEDIA EFFECTS (4)
1. MASS SOCIETY THEORY 2. LIMITED EFFECTS THEORY 3. CULTURAL THEORY 4. MEANING-MAKING PERSPECTIVE
69
provide a platform for public discourse
Public opinion and Expression of Dissent
70
Functions of Communication and Media (5)
- Monitoring Function - Meaning and Signifance of facts - Public Opinion and expression of Dissent - Watchdog role of Journalism - Channel for advocacy for political viewpoints
71
transmission of information through local channels or forms. ​ it means culture is handed down, preserved, and adapted.
Indigenous Communication.
72
consist of 3-dimensional
Industrial design
73
a word, group of words, sign, symbol, or a logo that distinguish your business' goods or service
Trademark
74
an exclusive right granted to for an invention, but it does not require the condition of involvement of an inventive step to be protected
Utility Models
75
Republic Act 8293
Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines
76
CYBERCRIMES
an act that violates the law
77
Republic Act No. 9775
Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009,
78
the acquisition of a domain name over the internet in bad faith to profit
Cyber-squatting
79
the intentional acquisition, use, misuse, transfer, possession, altera tion or deletion of identifying information belonging to another, whether natural or juridical, without right
Identity Theft
80
"a public and malicious imputation of a crime, or of a vice or defect, real or imaginary, or any act, omission, condition, status, or circumstance tending to cause the dishonor, discredit or contempt of a natural or juridical person, or to blacken the memory of one who is already dead"
Libel

MIDTERMS (7 decks)

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