Chem Flashcards
Assumes the volume and the shape of its container
gas
Density - Low
Compressibility - Very Compressible
Motions of molecules - Very free motion
gas
Has a definite volume but it assumes the shape of its container
Liquid
Density - High
Compressibility - Only slight compressible
Motions of molecules - Slide past one another freely
Liquid
Has a definite volume and shape
Solid
Density - High
Compressibility - Virtually compressible
Motions of molecules - Vibrate about fixed positions
Solid
attractive forces between molecules.
Intermolecular forces
hold atoms together in a molecule.
Intramolecular forces
Intermolecular vs. Intramolecular
- Intramolecular forces stabilize individual
molecules, whereas intermolecular
forces are primarily responsible for the
bulk properties of matter. - In general, intermolecular forces are
much weaker than intramolecular forces.
Do not have ONE distinct
positive end or ONE
distinct negative end.
The whole molecules
has often multiple
charges but without
“poles”
NONPOLAR
MOLECULES
ONE distinct positive
end
ONE distinct
negative end make a
molecular polar
POLAR MOLECULES
All of the attractive forces between natural atoms and molecules are also known as
Van Der Waals forces
the amount of energy
required to stretch or increase the surface of a
liquid by a unit area.
Surface Tension
the intermolecular attraction between like molecules.
Cohesion
attraction between unlike molecules.
Adhesion
a special dipole – dipole
interaction between they hydrogen atom in a
polar N -H, O-H, or F-H bond and an
electronegative F, O, or N atom
hydrogen bond
the measure with which the electron distribution in the atom or molecule can be distorted.
Polarizability
forces are attractive forces between an ion and a polar molecule. The strength of this interaction depends on the charge and size of the ion and on the magnitude of the dipole moment and size of the molecule.
Ion-dipole
attractive forces between polar molecules. The larger the dipole moment, the greater the force.
Dipole – dipole forces
a measure of a fluid’s resistance to
flow. It depends on intermolecular forces and on the shape of molecules
Viscosity
possesses rigid and long – range order. In a crystalline solid, atoms, molecules or ions occupy specific (predictable) positions.
crystalline solid
does not possess a well – defined arrangement and long – range molecular order.
amorphous solid
the basic repeating unit structural
unit of a crystalline solid.
unit cell
the upward or downward curve at the surface of a liquid
meniscus
