Migration and Empire - ISSUE 1

Question 1

What were the reasons for the migration of Scots?

Answer 1

• Development of Scottish Industry
• Agricultural Revolution - Highlands
• Agricultural Revolution - Lowlands
• Improved transport
• Social and Cultural push & pull factors
• Political Aspects
• Opportunity & Coercion

Question 2

What is the meaning of Internal Migration?

Answer 2

Human migration within a country

Question 3

What is the meaning of Emigration?

Answer 3

the act of leaving one’s country to settle in another

Question 4

What is the meaning of Migration?

Answer 4

general movement of people

Question 5

what is the meaning of Immigration?

Answer 5

the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.

Question 6

What are push factors?

Answer 6

Push factors are factors that force someone to leave a country.

Question 7

What are pull factors?

Answer 7

Pull factors are factors which attract some one to another country. ( Usually positive)

Question 8

Why did so many Scots migrate?

Answer 8

Dissatisfaction with ways of living  (push)
Unable to support family (push)
Unemployment (push)
Lots of land abroad (pull)
Cheap land abroad (pull)
Increasing price of land (pull)
Failure of Kelp industry (push)
Rid their land of people (Push) 
Famine (Push) 
Help from landowners (Push)
Better Climate ( Pull) 
Financial Support of relatives (pull)
coercion, being offered cheap or free land abroad ( pull) 
Better career prospects abroad < especially skilled workers ( pull)

Question 9

Why did Internal Migration happen in the Highlands?

Answer 9

Failure of the Kelp Industry 
Highland Clearances
Farming (Potato Famine)
Balmoralism 
Fishing Industry 
Poor living conditions

Question 10

Dissatisfaction with ways of living

Answer 10

means that people were so unhappy with their way of life that they wanted to leave. e.g. The farmers in the highlands who lived in a small, 1 room hut , which was linked to their job.

Question 11

Unable to support family

Answer 11

meant that people felt the need to take action to better their life for their family, so would move abroad to escape drudgery.

Question 12

Unemployment

Answer 12

meant that people had to move to get jobs. e.g. Farmers who worked on a 6 month contract or farmers who had lost their job in the highland clearances.

Question 13

Lots of land abroad

Answer 13

meant that the farmer was able to move onto a better and larger plot of land which allows for a high yield

Question 14

Cheap land abroad

Answer 14

meant that people could buy lots of land and use it in various ways to make money

Question 15

Increasing price of land

Answer 15

meant that if people acted quickly and bought the land cheaply they could make a profit in a few years time.

Question 16

Failure of the Kelp industry

Answer 16

The Highland economy had collapsed due to reduced income from several industries. using kelp to make soap was very labour intensive so when people began using chemicals to make soap the kelp industry died out meaning that there were lots of people who had lost their job.

Question 17

Rid their land of people

Answer 17

Highland clearances was when landlords forcibly evicted their Scottish tenants as it was more profitable to have sheep on their land than people. This caused many highlanders to become homeless and unemployed at once so were forced to move elsewhere in order to survive.

Question 18

Famine

Answer 18

Potato blight of 1846 was when the potato crops of Western Scotland failed and could not be used as food meaning that the people didn’t have enough food to sustain themselves and were starving.

Question 19

Help from landowners

Answer 19

Landowners may offer to cover travel expenses of anybody that worked for them who wanted to move abroad which meant that families who might not have had enough money to move abroad by themselves, now had the chance to move abroad.

Question 20

Better climate

Answer 20

Just the promise of change and better weather attracted some people and some farmers may have thought that the better weather could give them more plentiful yields.

Question 21

Financial support of relatives

Answer 21

the knowledge that they would be financially supported until they could support themselves and not be abandoned, attracted many Scots.

Question 22

Coercion

Answer 22

many scots would have never had such opportunities for land ownership in Scotland due to unemployment or low wages.

Question 23

Better career prospects

Answer 23

Due to the industrial revolution machines were now doing skilled workers job at a much cheaper rate which many skilled workers couldn’t compete with. so they moved abroad to a country where their skills were in a higher demand.

Question 24

Why did Internal Migration happen in the Lowlands?

Answer 24

• BIg Cities
• Improved Transport
• Agricultural Revolution
• Industrial Revolution
• Inability to go abroad

Question 25

Big Cities

Answer 25

Some lowlanders chose to leave because life seemed boring in the rural areas and there was much more going on in Urban Areas

Question 26

Improved Transport

Answer 26

Some lowlanders were forced/chose to leave because it opened up the possibilities of working elsewhere and hindered local small businesses

Question 27

Agricultural Revolution

Answer 27

This was a reason why some lowlanders were forced to leave in order to find work

Question 28

Industrial Revolution

Answer 28

Some lowlanders chose/ to leave as the cities/towns offered more opportunities for work

Question 29

Inability to go abroad

Answer 29

Some lowlanders chose to leave because of better financial opportunities outwith scotland