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Midterms Histology Lecture > MIDTERMS - THE NERVOUS SYSTEM > Flashcards

MIDTERMS - THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of cells in Nervous tissue?

A

Neurons
Glial Cells

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2
Q

They are responsible for the computation and communication that the nervous system provides.

Primary cell in the nervous system

Electrically active and release chemical signals

A

Neurons

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3
Q

What cells are known to play a supporting role in nervous tissue?

A

Glial Cells

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4
Q

Glial cells are also known as?

A

“Glia”

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5
Q

What body system has a stimulus-response mechanism made up of a well-coordinated interconnecting/ intercommunicating network of cells and fibers linking all and every part of the body to coordinate all body activities in response to external and internal stimuli

A

Nervous System

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6
Q

What is the 2 integrating coordinating systems of the body?

A

Nervous system
Endocrine system

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7
Q

What are the 3 divisions of nervous system?

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

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8
Q

What are the 2 organs in the CNS?

A

Brain & Spinal Chord

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8
Q

The brain consists of ?

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem

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9
Q

Brainstem includes?

A

Diencephalon
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

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10
Q

PNS includes how many pairs of:

a.) Cranial Nerves
b.) Spinal Nerves

A

a. 12 pairs
b. 31 pairs

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11
Q

ANS is also known as?

A

Vegetative/Involuntary/Visceral Nervous System

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12
Q

What are the 2 divisions of ANS?

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

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13
Q

Nervous tissue is made up of?

A

Cells and Fibers

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14
Q

What do you call the selective restriction of blood-borne substances between blood vessels and nervous tissue?

A

Blood-brain Barrier

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15
Q

What is the structural and functional units of the NS?

A

Neurons

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15
Q

How many neurons are there in a human body?

A

10^10 - 10^11 PARTS

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16
Q

Soma + Cytoplasm=?

A

Perikaryon

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17
Q

What polyribosomes are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, indicating high metabolic activity?

A

Nissl Bodies

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18
Q

What are the 2 neuronal protoplasmic processes?

A

Axons
Dendrites

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19
Q

What do you call the branches of axons?

A

Axon Collaterals

20
Q

What conducts between neurons appearing as end feet/ terminal buttons?

21
Q

What Impinges on the effector organ?

A

Axon Terminal

22
Q

What do you call the cell membrane of axon?

23
Q

What do you call the cytoplasm of axon?

24
Q

Based on function

What classification of neuron conducts impulses TOWARDS CNS?

A

Afferent/Sensory neurons

25
Q

Based on function.

What classification of neuron conduct impulses AWAY from the CNS to the effector organ?

A

Efferent/Motor neurons

26
Q

Based on function*

What classification of neuron is located between sensory and motor neurons?

A

Internuncial/Interneurons/Central/Intercalated neurons

27
Q

Based on size

a. Dwarf Neurons

b. Giant Neurons

A

a. <4 microns in diameter

b. Betz cells in motor cortex

28
Q

Based on the number of neuronal processes*

Identify: Only one process; usually the axon; no dendrites

Give 2 examples.

A

Unipolar/ Pseudounipolar

example:
a. Amacrine cells of retina
b. Ganglion cells

29
Q

Based on the number of neuronal processes*

Identify: 1 axon, 1 dendrite

Give 2 examples.

A

Bipolar

example:
a. Neurons of the special senses
b. In retinal, gustatory, vestibulocochlear, olfactory epithelium

30
Q

Based on the number of neuronal processes*

Identify: Numerous dendrites; one axon

Give 2 examples.

A

Multipolar

example:
a. Motor neurons of the spinal cord
b. Internuncial neurons
c. Most of the cells in NS are multipolar

31
Q

Based on Axon Length:

Identify: Long axons
Originate in the CNS and
terminates distant from its
origin to the periphery

Give 1 example.

A

Golgi type l

example: Cranial Nerves

32
Q

Based on Axon Length:

Identify: Short axons
Terminates within the same
vicinity

Give 1 example.

A

Golgi type ll

example: Purkinje cells of cerebellum

33
Q

Based on location:

Identify: clusters of neurons in the CNS

give one example.

A

Nuclei

example: red nucleus

34
Q

Based on location:

Identify: clusters of neurons in the PNS

give one example.

A

Ganglia

example: Meissner plexus

35
Q

What do you call the supporting cells identified as slender cells that synthesize myelin in the PNS?

A

Schwann Cells

36
Q

Schwann cells forms a sheathe called the?

A

Sheath of Schwann

37
Q

Oblique discontinuities in the Schwann sheath are called?

A

“Schmidt-Lanterman clefts”

38
Q

What do you call the supporting cells that synthesizes CSF?

A

Ependymal Cells

39
Q

What cells in the 3rd ventricle interdigitates with the ependymal cells?

40
Q

What are the 2 classifications of the supporting cells called neuroglial cells?

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes
41
Q

What is the Largest neuroglial cell?

A

Astrocytes

42
Q

What are the 3 types of astrocytes?

A
  1. Protoplasmic
  2. Fibrous
  3. Specialized astrocytes
43
Q

What type of astrocyte forms BBB in the gray matter?

A

Protoplasmic

44
Q

What type of astrocyte forms BBB in the white matter?

45
Q

What neuroglial cell synthesizes myelin in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

46
Q

Fill in the blanks

Myelin in CNS is rich in a.)_________________ while Myelin in PNS is rich in b.)_______________________.

A

a.) Glycolipids

b.) Phospholipids

47
Q

What are the 2 classifications of Oligodendrocytes?

A
  1. Interfascicular
  2. Satellite
48
Q

What are the 5 layers of the brain? *wrong

A
  1. Molecular Layer
  2. External Granular Layer
  3. External Pyramidal Layer
  4. Internal Granular Layer
  5. Internal Pyramidal Layer

Midterms Histology Lecture (11 decks)

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