EYES Flashcards
What are the 5 specialized senses and their corresponding sensory organs?
Vision - Eyes
Hearing - Ears
Balance
Taste - Tongue
Olfaction - Nose
What do you call the outer layer of the eyes?
Tunica Fibrosa
Opaque posterior 5/6 of the eye, dense fibrous CT
.3mm to 1mm at the insertion of recti muscles
Sclera
It is a fibro elastic tissue that has a large number of blood vessels and attaches the conjunctiva to the sclera.
Episcleral tissue
“middle layer” of sclera, collagenous fibers oriented parallel.
Scleral Proper
What cell produces collagen and are found between the fiber bundles which constitute the cellular component?
Fibroblast
It is the transition between the sclera and the choroid. It is collagenous and more elastic than sclera and propria.
Lamina Fusca
Lamina fusca contains?
Melanin
Part of the eye that is avascular and can be transplanted.
Cornea
The normal hydration of cornea comes from the ___________ that fills the anterior chamber.
Aqueous humor
Part of the cornea described as squamous non-keratinized epithelium of 5-6 layers.
Anterior epithelium
What is the deepest cell of the anterior epithelium in the cornea?
Columnar Cells
Corneal cells are attached to each other by ___________ and losses their nuclei upon _____________.
Desmosomes
Keratinization
“anterior homologous membrane” modified layer of substancia propria in the cornea.
Bowman’s membrane
The bowman’s membrane in the cornea contains irregular network of fine __________________.
Collagenous fiber
What is similar with bowman’s only a little thicker, lies internal to substancia propria?
Desmets’s membrane
Desmets’s membrane is 5-7 mm thick centrally gradually increases to _________ in the periphery.
8-10mm
90% of the thickness of the cornea forming the main portion of the cornea.
Substancia propria (Corneal Stroma)
What is the single layer of Low cuboidal or squamous cells lining the inner surface of the cornea.
Corneal endothelium (Posterior endothelium)
What is the narrow circular zone at the palace of union of the cornea
and sclera?
Scelocorneal Junction (Limbus)
Part of the limbus that is filled with aqueous humor and communicates externally with the venous system.
Canal of Schlemm
What is the fiber bundles of the trabecular meshwork in the limbus?
Ligamentum Pectinatum
Located in between the ligamentum pectinatum, this drains in the canal layer of the endothelium. It has afferent connections through the trabecular spaces for the drainage of the aqueous from the anterior chamber.
Lymphatic spaces of Fontana
Part of the limbus described as an only blood vessel that nourish the cornea.
Marginal plexus
What do you call the obstruction of the filtration process from C of Schlemm and Space of Fontana?
Glaucoma
What is a brown, spongy, pigmented and vascular?
Choroid
Choroid is ___________ thick in diameter with potential perichroidal space separating it from the sclera.
0.1 to 0.3mm
What are the 4 sublayers of choroid?
Scleral proper
Lamina fusca
Transparent Limiting Membrane
Bruch’s membrane (Glassy membrane)
What (lamina elastic or lamina vitrae) has been considered as the inner most layer
of the choroid?
Bruch’s membrane
It is a ring in which the suspensory ligaments are attached.
Ciliary body
What are the 3 layers of ciliary body?
Ciliary muscle
Vascular layer
Ciliary Epithelium
What is the bulk of the ciliary body?
Ciliary muscle
layer of the ciliary body that consists mainly of capillaries and veins, constituting the bulk of the ciliary process.
Vascular layer
Layer of the ciliary body that represents the continuation of neural retina, it faces the vitreous body and posterior chamber and covered with a double layer of cuboidal cells.
Ciliary Epithelium
What extends externally from the anterior portion of the ciliary body, probably
the site of aqueous humor formation?
Ciliary process
What is a a fluid refractive medium in the eye and essential for nutritive support of the retina and other retractile elements? It ensures the physical stability of the eye. Secreted in interstices of vitreous body and iridial stroma and is drained at the angle of the anterior chamber.
Aqueous Humor
What is a biconvex flexible, transparent disk that focuses incident rays of light in the retina?
The Lens
What are the 3 layers of the lens?
Capsule
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Lens fiber
Modified EC are derived from the ________ of the lens
Equator
What divides the space bet cornea and the lens dividing it into an anterior and posterior chamber communicating thru the pupil?
Iris
Iris is a membranous extension of the choroid which partially covers the lens leaving around the center and opening called ______.
Pupil
Iris varies in color, which is largely determined by the _____________.
Melanocytes
Iris is attached to the anterior portion of the ciliary body by its thinnest portion called the ____.
Root
What is the innermost layer of the eye? It is the inter coat of the eye ball contains the receptor for light.
Retina
What are the 3 parts of the retina?
Pars Iridica retinae
Pars Ciliaris retinae
Pars Optica Retinae
What part of the retina is insensitive to the light?
Pars Iridica retinae
Pars Ciliaris retinae
What part of the retina is sensitive to the light?
Pars Optica Retinae
Innermost coat attached to the choroid and the widest portion used for vision.
Pars Optica Retinae
Pars Optica Retinae is the portion of the eye that transduces light stimulus to ____________.
Nerve impulses
Pars Optica Retinae arises from the ____________ in embryonic development.
The retina consists of an outer layer _________________ and an inner layer _____________.
Optic cup
Pigmented epithelium
Neural Retina
Pars Optica Retinae is attached into two regions in the underlying structure, these regions are?
Ora Serrata
Optic Disk
Firmly adhere to Bruch’s membrane; has numerous invaginations. Mitochondria are
abundant in the region near the cytoplasm near the invagination.
Pigmented Epithelium
__________ of the pigmented epithelium has abundant microvilli and cylindrical sheaths that invest the lips of the
photoreceptors.
Cell Apex
__________ of the pigmented epithelium has abundant Golgi apparatus, believed to be Vitamin A esterification and
transport.
Cytoplasm
Melanin of the pigmented epithelium is rich in the __________ and ________________.
Apical portion
Microvillus extension
What portion of the pigmented epithelium functions to absorb light after the stimulation.
Dark pigment
The Retina Propia has 6 types of cells. What are those cells?
Rods
Cones
Horizontal cells
Bipolar cells
Amacrine cells
Ganglion cells
There are 3 main types of retinal cells. What are those cells?
Photoreceptors (rods and cones)
Bipolar cells
Ganglion cells
What are the 2 kinds of visual cells?
Rod and Cone cells
Enumerate the 10 LAYERS OF RETINA/ PARS OPTICA.
Pigmented Epithelium
Rods and Cones
External Limiting Membrane
Outer Nuclear Layer
Outer Plexiform Layer
Inner nuclear Layer
Inner Plexiform Layer
Ganglion Cell Layer
Optic Nerve Fiber Layer
Inner Limiting Membrane
Cone cells contains visual pigment called _____________ which is sensitive to red light.
Iodopsin
Not a true membrane, only a junction specialization between the photoreceptors and
processes of Muller’s cells
EXTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE
Houses the cell bodies of the photoreceptor cells. At the fovea centralis only cones are
present
OUTER NUCLEAR LAYER
The region of synapse between axon of the receptor cells and the processes of bipolar
and horizontal cells
OUTER PLEXIFORM LAYER
Houses the cell bodies of Muller’s, Amacrine, bipolar and horizontal cells
INNER NUCLEAR LAYER
Region of synapse between dendrites of ganglia cells and axon of bipolar cells.
Moreover, processes of Muller and Amacrine cells are also present.
INNER PLEXIFORM LAYER
Houses the bodies of multipolar neurons, which are the final link in neuronal chain of the
retina, and their axons form the optic nerve. Additionally, neuroglia are also located in
this layer
GANGLION CELL LAYER
Composed of unmyelinated axons of ganglion cells which forms the optic nerve
OPTIC NERVE FIBER LAYER
Basal lamina separating Muller’s cells expansion from the vitreous body
INNER LIMITING MEMBRANE
What are the 2 accessory organs of the eye?
Eyelid and Lacrimal gland
