MIDTERMS: QUIZ 2 RESPONSES TO ALTERED ELIMINATION Flashcards
Inquire about other family members with
renal and/or urinary tract malformations.
Ask about family history of kidney disease
with onset in
third to fifth decade
Identify family history of male
infertility and
cystic fibrosis
Be alert for family members with history of
early-onset renal
(Wilms’ tumor) or other
cancers.
is a “snapshot” assessment of
patient urine at one point in time
➢ The urinalysis is a valuable
screening tool for urinary tract
infections, kidney diseases, and
other conditions.
Urinalysis
This is to know how much urine the
body is producing in a day or how
much of a particular substance is
eliminated in a day
24-urine collection
INSTRUCTIONS FOR COLLECTION OF A 24-HOUR URINE
TEST FORM
This is the end of the collection. Record the
end time on the container label as “Date and Time
Completed.”
This non-invasive diagnostic exam uses
sound waves to create images of the
kidney(s)
can assess the
size, location and shape of the kidneys,
ureters and bladder.
Renal ultrasound
Renal ultrasound
Preparations
Drink a minimum of 24 ounces of clear
fluid at least one hour before the appointment. Do not
empty the bladder prior to the procedure.
❖ No Fasting or sedation
refers to a series of X-rays taken of the
kidneys, their collecting or drainage system
(the ureters), and the bladder.
➢ is commonly done to identify diseases of the
urinary tract, such as kidney stones, tumors,
or infection.
Serum studies intravenous pyelography
Serum studies intravenous pyelography
Prep
❖ Inform your physician if there are any allergies,
especially to iodinated contrast materials.
❖ Those with diabetes who are taking metformin
(Glucophage) will have to discontinue this medication
prior to and for 2 days after the IVP
NURSING DIAGNOSES
★ Fluid volume excess related to decreased glomerular
filtration rate and sodium retention
★ Risk for infection related to alterations in the immune
system and host defenses
is the syndrome in which glomerular filtration
declines abruptly from hours to days and is
usually reversible.
Acute Renal Failure
Acute Renal Failure
The main causes are:
➢ Not enough blood flow to the kidneys
➢ Direct damage to the kidneys
➢ Urine backed up in the kidneys
is a condition involving a decrease in the
kidneys’ ability to filter waste and fluid from
the blood.
➢ It is chronic, meaning that the condition
develops over a long period of time and is
not reversible.
Chronic Renal failure
Chronic Renal failure
Those things can happen when:
● Diabetes (types 1 and 2)
● High blood pressure
● Immune system diseases (lupus nephritis)
● Drugs and toxins
➢ also referred to as fluid replacement
➢ this fluids are administered to improve
cardiac and tissue oxygenation, which in part
depends on flow
Fluid resuscitation
Two classes of Intravenous solutions:
Crystalloids
Colloids
- which are solutions of electrolytes in water
that cross freely from the vascular space into
the interstitium - are the most commonly administered
intravenous fluid.
Crystalloids examples
EX: PNSS, PLR
Colloids EXAMPLE
EX: human plasma (albumin) and
semisynthetic colloids (starches,
gelatins, and dextrans).
the inside lining of patient own belly acts as
a natural filter. Wastes are taken out by
means of a cleansing fluid called
dialysate,
the inside lining of patient own belly acts as
a natural filter. Wastes are taken out by
means of a cleansing fluid called dialysate,
which is washed in and out of patient belly in
cycles.
➢ This process usually is done three, four or
five times in a 24-hour period while patient
are awake during normal activities. Ea
Peritoneal dialysis
This process usually is done in? what hours
Peritoneal dialysis
three, four or
five times in a 24-hour period
Two kinds of peritoneal dialysis:
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
(CAPD)
Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD)
