MIDTERMS: QUIZ 1 METAB-GASTRO & LIVER ALT Flashcards
ASSESSMENT
HADFANBAMN
Health History
Appetite
Dysphagia
Food intolerance
Abdominal pain
Nausea/vomiting
Bowel habits
Abdominal history
Medications
Nutritional assessment
noting skin changes, nodules, lesions, scarring, discolorations, inflammation, bruising, or striae.
contour and symmetry of the abdomen
INSPECTION
It is used to determine the character, location, and frequency of bowel sounds and to identify vascular sounds.
AUSCULTATION
heard about every 5 to 20 seconds
Normal sounds
(one or two sounds in 2 minutes)
Hypoactive
(five to six sounds heard in less than 30 seconds)
Hyperactive
no sounds in 3 to 5 minutes) are frequently used in documentation.
Absent
The stool guaiac test looks for hidden (occult) blood in a stool sample.
It is the most common type of fecal occult blood test (FOBT).
Guaiac Test
How is the Test Performed?
Guaiac Test
Collect a stool sample from 3 different bowel movements.
For each bowel movement, smear a small amount of the stool on a card provided in the kit.
DO NOT take stool samples from the __________ This can cause errors.
toilet bowl water.
is the use of a glucose meter for testing the concentration of glucose in the blood.
Blood Glucose Monitoring
High blood sugar levels can lead to long-term complications, including:
heart disease
nerve damage
vision problems
poor blood flow
kidney disease
Low blood sugar levels can also cause symptoms that include:
confusion
weakness
Dizziness
jitters
Sweating
is a procedure that examines the esophagus, stomach and first portion of the duodenum (small intestine) using a long flexible tube with a camera at the end of it.
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
Priority Nursing care: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
ssessing for the return of the gag reflex
is a procedure to diagnose and treat
problems in the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts,
and pancreas. It combines X-ray and the use
of an endoscope—a long, flexible, lighted
tube.
Endoscopic Retrograde
Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
is a test to find out the cause of a blockage
in your bile duct.
Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography (PTC)
ERCP preparation include the following:
ALLERGiES??
Allergic to any medicines, latex, tape, or anesthesia.
3. Allergic to iodine or contrast dye.
is a procedure in which a small needle is
inserted into the liver to collect a tissue
sample.
Liver Biopsy
A liver biopsy is most often performed to help identify the
cause of:
Persistent abnormal liver blood tests (liver enzymes).
● Unexplained yellowing of the skin (jaundice).
For the week before the procedure, do not take a
(liver biopsy)
aspirin,
products containing aspirin, or anti-inflammatory drugs
(such as ibuprofen, Advil, Motrin, Naprosyn, or Indocin)
s a type of Nuclear Medicine testing that
uses a radioactive material to determine the
structure of the liver, gallbladder and biliary
ducts
s a type of Nuclear Medicine testing that
uses a radioactive material to determine the
structure of the liver, gallbladder and biliary
ducts
a hormone typically
released by the body after a meal—it forces the gallbladder to
contract, allowing us to see how well it is functioning
CCK (Cholecystokinin)
is a potentially life-threatening abdominal emergency
that remains a common cause of hospitalization.
ACUTE GI BLEEDING
● is a collection of pus or infected fluid that is
surrounded by inflamed tissue inside the belly. It can
involve any abdominal organ or it can settle in the
folds of the bowel
INTRA-ABDOMINAL ABSCESS
occurs when tissue fluid within the peritoneal and
retroperitoneal space accumulates in such large
volumes that the abdominal wall compliance threshold
is crossed and the abdomen can no longer stretch.
HYPERTENSION AND ABDOMINAL COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
Hallmark symptoms of ACS include the 6 P’s:
Pain
● Paresthesia
● Poikilothermia
● Pulselessness
● Pallor
● Paralysis
is a life-threatening condition that demands urgent
medical care.
● It’s most commonly caused by a hepatitis virus or
drugs, such as acetaminophen
LIVER FAILURE
● is an inflammatory condition of the pancreas that is
painful and at times deadly.
ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Acute pancreatitis is most often linked to:
gallstones
● drinking too much alcohol
specializing in the treatment of obesity
BARIATRIC
is an acute, major, life-threatening complication of
diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia,
ketoacidosis, and ketonuria.
DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS
It occurs when the body does not produce or use
enough insulin, which is a hormone that absorbs
glucose into cells for use as energy.
HYPERGLYCEMIA
It involves extremely high blood sugar (glucose) level
without the presence of ketones
HYPOGLYCEMIA
A fluid that patient have to put back to a
former or original state
Volume restoration
is a flexible plastic
tube inserted through the nostrils, down the
nasopharynx, and into the stomach or the
upper portion of the small intestine.
Nasogastric suction tubes
The use of balloon tamponade in the control
of active variceal bleeding comes as a last
resort when other forms of therapy are not
available or fail to achieve hemostasis.
Esophagogastric balloon tamponade tubes
reconstruction consists of a
gastroduodenostomy in which the
anastomosis is created between the gastric
remnant and the duodenum
Billroth I
reconstruction consists of a
gastrojejunostomy in which a side-to-side
anastomosis is created between the gastric
remnant and a loop of jejunum, with closure
of the duodenal
Billroth II
s a procedure that may be used to reduce
portal hypertension and its complications,
especially variceal bleeding
Trans jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
s a surgical procedure that removes a liver
that no longer functions properly (liver
failure) and replaces it with a healthy liver
from a deceased donor or a portion of a
healthy liver from a living donor
. Liver transplantation
re used to replenish electrolytes in body
fluids, such as sodium, potassium, calcium,
magnesium, phosphorus, chloride and
bicarbonate.
Electrolyte replacement
the process of fast restoring lost water (
dehydration) to the body tissues and fluids
v
is a well-known natural treatment for diarrhea.
● It can help treat some of the causes of diarrhea and
relieve gastrointestinal symptoms.
GINGER
The _______________ in ginger are known to
help relieve gastrointestinal (GI) irritation, stimulate
saliva and bile production, and suppress gastric
contractions as food and fluids move through the GI
tract.
phenolic compounds
contains a
hypoglycemic polypeptide, a plant insulin responsible
for its blood sugar lowering effect. Other benefits
suggested were body detoxification (including
removal of nicotine), strengthening of the immune
system and fertility regulation.
BITTER FRUIT (AMPALAYA)
High Levels of Antioxidants: Ampalaya is rich in antioxidants
including
vitamins A, B, C, and E, as well as carotenoids
