CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT Flashcards by Renren Dominguez

Common cause of CVA :

thrombosis, embolism,
cerebral hemorrhage

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Caused by disruption of the blood supply to the brain,
causing neurologic deficit

CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT

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with temporary episodes of neurologic
dysfunction.

Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA) is a transient
ischemia with

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small arteries in the white matter of the
brain account for the most common cause of stroke.

THROMBOSIS

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e second most common cause of CVA,
and happens when a blood vessel is suddenly
occluded with blood, air, tumor or septic particul

EMBOLISM

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usually the sudden result of ruptured aneurysms,
tumors or involves hypertension or bleeding
dyscrasias

HEMORRHAGE

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outermost layer of brain cell

● Cortex

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basic functions like breathing and
sleeping

Brainstem-

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cluster of structures in brain center

Basal ganglia

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coordination and balance

Cerebellum

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are responsible for problem solving and
judgment and motor function

The frontal lobes

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manage sensation, handwriting, and body
position

The parietal lobes

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are involved with memory and hearing

temporal lobes

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contain the brain’s visual processing
system.

occipital lobes

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amount of blood received by brain per minute

750ml-

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TIA early signal-

Warning of an impending stroke”

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Limitations of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

Intubated patients
● drug abuse
● alcohol intoxicatio

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QUICK NEURO EXAM

SPERM

S- Sensorium
● P- Pupils
● E- Extraocular movement
● R- Respiration and Reflex
● M- Movement/Motor

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CN ll

Optic

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CN lll

Occulomotor

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CN lV

Trochlear

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CN V

Trigeminal

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CN Vl

Abducens

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CN Vll

Facial

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CN Vlll

Acoustic

CN 9

Glossopharengeal

CN 10

Vagus nerve

CN 11

Spinal accessory

CN 12

Hypoglossal

A commonly used abbreviation to describe normal pupils is

PERRLA (pupils equal, round and reactive to light and accommodation).

PERRLA

(pupils equal, round and reactive to light and accommodation

OLFACTORY NERVE

. Some example stimuli include cinnamon, cloves, and toothpaste .

OPTIC NERVE

Pupillary light reflex

TRIGEMINAL NERVE-MIXED MOTOR & SENSORY

Corneal reflex ● Primary ● Light touch ● Pin prick ● Temperature ● Vibration

FACIAL NERVE

Motor - Raise both eyebrows - Frown

VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE

Whisper numbers in one ear as the patient covers the other and ask the patient to repeat the numbers.

Visualizing uvula deviation away from the affected side on articulating "AHH" with tongue depressor.

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL & VAGUS NERVE

ACCESSORY NERVE

Shrug shoulders ● Turn head from side to side

HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE

Stick out tongue and move it to one side, then the other ● Inspect for tongue atrophy, fasciculations

weakness of the half side of the body

Hemiparesis

The major pathological deep tendon reflex. ● In an adult, the presence of this reflex is a sign of UPPER MOTOR NEURON LESION

BABINSKI REFLEX

A late sign of increased ICP ● Manifested by widening of pulse pressure

CUSHING TRIAD

SYS BP INCREASE DIA BP DECREASE PULSE DECREASE

a general term that refers to a sudden malfunction in the brain that causes someone to collapse

Seizure

TYPES of Seizurew

"Grand Mal" or Generalized tonic-clonic ● Absence ● Myoclonic ● Clonic ● Tonic ● Atonic

NURSING MANAGEMENT IN SEIZURE ATTACK

Stay with the patient. ● Protect patient from injury ● Promote patent airway. ● Make relevant observations and documentation.

is temporary loss of consciousness and posture, described as "fainting" or "passing out.“

Syncope

-implies that there is a sensation of motion either of the person or the environment

Vertigo

TREATMENT OF ICP

Restriction of fluids and administration of diuretics ● Steroids (Dexamethasone) to reduce inflammation ● Hyperventilate- post suctioning

exposes brain tumors, aneurysm , bleeding in the brain, nerve injury, and other problems, such as damage caused by a stroke

MRI OF THE HEAD

A standard noninvasive EEG takes about 1 hour. 2. The patient will be positioned on a padded bed or table, or in a comfortable chair.

ECG - Electroencephalography

It is used to diagnosed certain medical conditions ( bacterial involvement/infection of CNS)

A lumbar puncture

Surgical removal of plaque in the obstructed artery to increase blood supply to the brain

Carotid Endarterectomy-

opening of the skull

Craniotomy

excision of a portion of the skull

Craniectomy

repair of a cranial defect using a plastic or metal plate

Cranioplasty

circular openings for exploration or diagnosis, to provide access to ventricles, for shunting procedures, to aspirate a hematoma or abscess, or to make a bone flap

Burr holes

removes tumor, relieves elevated ICP, evacuate blood clot and control hemorrhage

CRANIOTOMY

neurosurgical procedure in which part of the skull is removed to allow a swelling brain room to expand without being squeezed.

Decompressive craniectomy

surgery done to improve the symmetry and shape the head

CRANIOPLASTY