CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT Flashcards
Common cause of CVA :
thrombosis, embolism,
cerebral hemorrhage
Caused by disruption of the blood supply to the brain,
causing neurologic deficit
CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT
with temporary episodes of neurologic
dysfunction.
Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA) is a transient
ischemia with
small arteries in the white matter of the
brain account for the most common cause of stroke.
THROMBOSIS
e second most common cause of CVA,
and happens when a blood vessel is suddenly
occluded with blood, air, tumor or septic particul
EMBOLISM
usually the sudden result of ruptured aneurysms,
tumors or involves hypertension or bleeding
dyscrasias
HEMORRHAGE
outermost layer of brain cell
● Cortex
- basic functions like breathing and
sleeping
Brainstem-
cluster of structures in brain center
Basal ganglia
- coordination and balance
Cerebellum
are responsible for problem solving and
judgment and motor function
- The frontal lobes
manage sensation, handwriting, and body
position
- The parietal lobes
are involved with memory and hearing
temporal lobes
contain the brain’s visual processing
system.
occipital lobes
amount of blood received by brain per minute
750ml-
TIA early signal-
Warning of an impending stroke”
Limitations of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
Intubated patients
● drug abuse
● alcohol intoxicatio
QUICK NEURO EXAM
SPERM
S- Sensorium
● P- Pupils
● E- Extraocular movement
● R- Respiration and Reflex
● M- Movement/Motor
CN ll
Optic
CN lll
Occulomotor
CN lV
Trochlear
CN V
Trigeminal
CN Vl
Abducens
CN Vll
Facial
CN Vlll
Acoustic
CN 9
Glossopharengeal
CN 10
Vagus nerve
CN 11
Spinal accessory
CN 12
Hypoglossal
A commonly used abbreviation to describe normal
pupils is
PERRLA (pupils equal, round and reactive to
light and accommodation).
PERRLA
(pupils equal, round and reactive to
light and accommodation
OLFACTORY NERVE
. Some example stimuli include cinnamon,
cloves, and toothpaste .
OPTIC NERVE
Pupillary light reflex
TRIGEMINAL NERVE-MIXED MOTOR & SENSORY
Corneal reflex
● Primary
● Light touch
● Pin prick
● Temperature
● Vibration
FACIAL NERVE
Motor
- Raise both eyebrows
- Frown
VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE
Whisper numbers in one ear as the patient covers the
other and ask the patient to repeat the numbers.
Visualizing uvula deviation away from the affected
side on articulating “AHH” with tongue depressor.
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL & VAGUS NERVE
ACCESSORY NERVE
Shrug shoulders
● Turn head from side to side
HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE
Stick out tongue and move it to one side, then the
other
● Inspect for tongue atrophy, fasciculations
weakness of the half side of the body
Hemiparesis
The major pathological deep tendon reflex.
● In an adult, the presence of this reflex is a sign of
UPPER MOTOR NEURON LESION
BABINSKI REFLEX
A late sign of increased ICP
● Manifested by widening of pulse pressure
CUSHING TRIAD
CUSHING TRIAD
SYS BP INCREASE
DIA BP DECREASE
PULSE DECREASE
a general term that refers to a sudden malfunction
in the brain that causes someone to collapse
Seizure
TYPES of Seizurew
“Grand Mal” or Generalized tonic-clonic
● Absence
● Myoclonic
● Clonic
● Tonic
● Atonic
NURSING MANAGEMENT IN SEIZURE ATTACK
Stay with the patient.
● Protect patient from injury
● Promote patent airway.
● Make relevant observations and documentation.
is temporary loss of consciousness and
posture, described as “fainting” or “passing out.“
Syncope
-implies that there is a sensation of motion
either of the person or the environment
Vertigo
TREATMENT OF ICP
Restriction of fluids and administration of diuretics
● Steroids (Dexamethasone) to reduce inflammation
● Hyperventilate- post suctioning
exposes brain tumors, aneurysm ,
bleeding in the brain, nerve injury, and other
problems, such as damage caused by a stroke
MRI OF THE HEAD
A standard noninvasive EEG takes about 1 hour.
2. The patient will be positioned on a padded bed or table, or in
a comfortable chair.
ECG - Electroencephalography
It is used to diagnosed certain medical conditions (
bacterial involvement/infection of CNS)
A lumbar puncture
Surgical removal of plaque
in the obstructed artery to increase blood supply to
the brain
Carotid Endarterectomy-
opening of the skull
Craniotomy
excision of a portion of the skull
Craniectomy
repair of a cranial defect using a plastic
or metal plate
Cranioplasty
circular openings for exploration or
diagnosis, to provide access to ventricles, for shunting
procedures, to aspirate a hematoma or abscess, or to
make a bone flap
Burr holes
removes tumor, relieves elevated ICP, evacuate blood
clot and control hemorrhage
CRANIOTOMY
neurosurgical
procedure in which part of the skull is removed to
allow a swelling brain room to expand without being
squeezed.
Decompressive craniectomy
surgery done to improve the
symmetry and shape the head
CRANIOPLASTY
