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histo lec > MIDTERMS bld and hematopoeisis pt 2 > Flashcards

MIDTERMS bld and hematopoeisis pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

viral or fungal infection, tuberculosis, some leukemias, some chronic diseases

A

monocytosis

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2
Q

bacterial infection, burn, stress, inflammation

A

neutrophilia

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3
Q

viral infection, some leukemias

A

lymphocytosis

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4
Q

allergic reactions, parasitic infection, autoimmune diseases

A

eosinophilia

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5
Q

allergic reaction, leukemias, cancers, hypothyroidism

A

basophilia

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6
Q

radiation exposure, durg toxicity, vitamin b12 def, systemic lupus erythematosus

A

neutropenia

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7
Q

prolonged illness, immunosupression, treatment with cortisol

A

lymphocytopenia

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8
Q

bone marrow suppression, treatment with cortisol

A

monocytopenia

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9
Q

drug toxicity and stress

A

eosinopenia

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10
Q

pregnancy, ovulation, stress and hyperthyroidism

A

basopenia

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11
Q

granules are smaller, evenly distributed

A

neutrophils

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12
Q

has stain of pale lilac

A

neutrophil

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13
Q

has a lobe of 2-5 lobe

A

neutrophil

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14
Q

most abundant wbc

A

neutrophil

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15
Q

neutral loving wbc

A

neutrophil

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16
Q

neutrophil is also known as

A

polymorphonuclear leukocyte

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17
Q

stain of basophil

A

blue purple w basic dye

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18
Q

stain of eosinophil

A

red-orange w acidic dye

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19
Q

lobe of eos

A

2 lobes

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20
Q

percent of eos

A

0.5-1%

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21
Q

large uniforme sized granules that is eosin loving

A

eosinophil

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22
Q

granules do not cover or obscure the nucleus

A

eosinophil

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23
Q

lobes of baso

A

2 lobes

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24
Q

total wbc of baso

A

0.5%

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25
Q

granules commonly obscure the nucleus

A

baso

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26
Q

round variable sized granules that is basic loving

A

baso

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27
Q

its nucleus has stain of dark with round, slightly indented, condense chromatin

A

lymphocytes

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28
Q

its cytoplasm has a stain of sky/pale blue and formed a rim around the nucleus

A

lymphocyte

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29
Q

shape of nucleus in monocyte

A

kidney-shaped or horseshoe shaped

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30
Q

cytoplasm stain in mono

A

blue gray (azurophilic granules) with foamy appearance

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31
Q

chief site in first 3 weeks postpartum

A

bone marrow

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32
Q

fetal skeletal structure is until what year

A

2-3 years

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33
Q

fetal skeletal structure is in

A

red marrow

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34
Q

location of red marrow in children

A

skull, clavicle, ribs, vertebra, pelvis and long bones

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35
Q

loc of red marrow 18 and older

A

skull, clav, ribs, vertebra, pelvis and at the prox end of long bones

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36
Q

rate of bone marrow growth exceed the need of blood cells

A

fourth year

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37
Q

year where it can lead to active marrow space that replaces fatty reserves

A

4th year

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38
Q

there is a balance bet the developjng bone marrow space and infant’s need for blood cells

A

first few years of life

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39
Q

2 types of marrow

A

red and yellow marrow

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40
Q

red BM consist of

A

RBC WBC and plt

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41
Q

yellow marrow composed of

A

adipose cells

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42
Q

yellow marrow is also called the

A

fatty marrow

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43
Q

2 phases in extrauterine phase

A

myeloid/medullary phase and extramedullary phase

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44
Q

occurs normal and in certain disease in state the BM is unable to produce sufficient number of hematopoeitic cells

A

extramed phase

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45
Q

phase where production of blood cells is outside the bone marrow

A

extramed phase

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46
Q

enlargement of liver and spleen is due to

A

increase of blood cell prod

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47
Q

chief site of extramed phase

A

liver and spleen

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48
Q

condition of extramed phase

A

BM is dysfunctional and BM is unable to meet demand

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49
Q

where bone marrow fails to produce blood cells

A

aplastic anemia

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50
Q

where RBC’s are destroyed faster that the BM can produce

A

Hemolytic anemia

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51
Q

it can revert to red marrow to increas blood cell prod

A

yellow marrow

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52
Q

resposible for yellow marrow

A

fatty reserves

53
Q

phase that is rare in adults bec they have a lot of fatty reserves

A

extramed phase

54
Q

3 theories

A

MONOPHYLETIC/UNITARIAN THEORY
POLYPHYLETIC THEORY
COMPLETE THEORY

55
Q

theory that blood cell came from one stem cell which is totipotent, gives rise to any series of cell type

A

monophyletic theory

56
Q

theory that has a separate and distinct stem cell compartment

A

polyphyletic theory

57
Q

theory has a stem cell for each cell series

A

complete theory

58
Q

sub theories in monophyletic

A

dualistic and trialistic

59
Q

dualistic has

A

lymphoblast and myeloblast

60
Q

trialistic has

A

reticuloendothelial cells

61
Q

progenator cells of lymphocytes

A

lymphoblast

62
Q

precursor cell of granulocyte

A

myeloblast

63
Q

these two gives rise to monocytes

A

reticuloendothelial cells and monoblast

64
Q

ratio of volume of the hematopoetic cells to the total volume pf marrow space

A

marrow cellularity

65
Q

blood cell percentage is increased

A

hypercellular/ hyperplastic

66
Q

blood cell percentage is decreased

A

hypocellular or hypoplastic

67
Q

hypoplastic disease such as

A

aplastic anemia

68
Q

marrow space consist

A

cells, fats and stromal elements

69
Q

ME is

A

myeloid: erythroid

70
Q

ME ratio

A

1.2:1 to 4:1

71
Q

inc ME diseases

A

infection, chronic myelogenous leukemia and erthroid hypoplasia

72
Q

dec ME diseases

A

leukopoiesis depression and nomoblastic hypoplasia

73
Q

functions of the spleen

A

hematopoietic function
reservoir function
filtration function
immunologic function

74
Q

filtration of foreign entities found in the spleen

A

immunologic function

75
Q

macrophages present in the spleen

A

littoral cells

76
Q

splenic macropages has

A

littoral cells

77
Q

blood volume in spleen

A

350 ml

78
Q

largest lymphoid organ

A

spleen

79
Q

spleen stores plts and grnaulocytes

A

reservoir function

80
Q

red pulp vascular sinuses in the spleen

A

cord of bilroth

81
Q

removing of inclusions of RBC by macropages

A

PITTING

82
Q

removal of senescent cells

A

CULLING

83
Q

RBC that has live their 120 days lifespan

A

senescent cells

84
Q

antigen presentation pccurs in

A

spleen

85
Q

types of human stem cells

A

totipotential stem cells
pluripotential stem cells
multipotential stem cells

86
Q

most versatile type of stem cells, can develop any type of cell including the dev of embryo into fetus

A

totipotential stem cells

87
Q

has limited to specific type of stem cells

A

multipotential stem cells

88
Q

can develop in any type of cell except can not develop into a few days fetus

A

pluripotent stem cells

89
Q

stem cells produced by bone marrow

A

hemohistioblast and hemocytoblast or pluripotent

90
Q

one single fixed multipotent cell which gives rise to tissue and blood cells

A

hemohistioblast

91
Q

has ability to reproduce and differentiate

A

pluri

92
Q

present in small number in the BM

A

pluri

93
Q

not morphology identifiable

A

pluri

94
Q

primitive progenator

A

flt 3 ligand

95
Q

stimulates myeloid, erythroid and lymphoid progenator

A

kit ligand

96
Q

stem cell factor or steel factor

A

kit ligand

97
Q

CSF has

A

GM-CSF
G CSF
M CSF OR CSF1

98
Q

GM CSF has

A

gran, mono, ery, mega, eos

99
Q

M CSF has

A

mono macrophage

100
Q

t cells b cell NK cells

A

IL 2

101
Q

multilineage stimulating factor

A

IL 3

102
Q

b cells t cells mast cells

A

IL 4

103
Q

stem cells and b cells

A

IL 6

104
Q

pre b cells t cells and early granulocyte

A

IL 7

105
Q

megakaryocytes

A

IL 11

106
Q

granulocytes, macropages, fibrinogen and endothelial cells

A

GM CSF

107
Q

red cell progenator cells

A

EPO

108
Q

they are primarily regulates immune response and inflammation

A

cytokines

109
Q

regulates proliferation, cell growth and differentation

A

growth factors

110
Q

RBC shape

A

biconcave disc

111
Q

diameter of RBC

A

7-8 Micrometer

112
Q

crucial component of hemoglobin

A

heme

113
Q

thus bind to the oxygen

A

iron

114
Q

plts diameter

A

2-4 micrometer

115
Q

it contains many vesicle but no nucleus

A

plts

116
Q

main site of adults in thrombopoeisis

A

bone marrow

117
Q

primary site in thrombopoeisis

A

liver

118
Q

size of immature cells

A

large

119
Q

size of mature cells

A

small

120
Q

nucleoli is absent in

A

mature cell

121
Q

nucleoli is present in

A

immature cells

122
Q

its chromatin is fine and delicate

A

immature cells

123
Q

its chromatin is coarse and clumped

A

mature

124
Q

N:C ratio is high

A

immature

125
Q

N:C RATIO is low

A

mature

126
Q

cytoplasm is basophilic : dark blue( rich in rna

A

immature

127
Q

cytoplasm is less basophilic and less RNA

A

mature

128
Q

nucleus is round

A

immature

129
Q

nucleus is round, lobulated and segmented

A

mature

histo lec (6 decks)

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