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histo lec > cell div and cell cycle > Flashcards

cell div and cell cycle Flashcards

1
Q

It’s the process by which a cell divides to form two new cells

A

Cell division

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2
Q

Three types of cell division

A

Binary fission, mitosis and meiosis

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3
Q

Cell division in prokaryotes

A

Binary fission

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4
Q

Type of cell division that divides forming two new identical cells

A

Binary fission

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5
Q

2 Cell division in eukaryotes

A

Mitosis and meiosis

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6
Q

It is a cell division where the cell or organism goat

A

Mitosis

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7
Q

cell div where replacement or repair of damage cells occur

A

Mitosis

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8
Q

It is a cell division were for mission of sex cells or gametes occurs

A

Meiosis

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9
Q

Why do cells divide

A

Cells divide for growth, development, repair of worn out tissues, and prep reduction
To facilitate the exchange of materials
To control DNA overloading

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10
Q

Three major steps in binary fission

A

DNA replication, chromosomes segregation and cytokinesis or separation

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11
Q

What steps where DNA is copied resulting into two identical chromosomes

A

DNA replication

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12
Q

Steps were cytoplasm divides forming two cells

A

Cytokinesis or separation

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13
Q

two steps in mitosis

A

mitosis and cytokinesis

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14
Q

It is the sequence of events from the time I sell first arises as a result of cell division until the time and that the cell itself divides

A

Cell cycle

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15
Q

Cell cycle consist of periods of

A

Growth and development, DNA replication, preparation for division, and cell division

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16
Q

2 Main periods of cell cycle

A

interphase and mitotic phase

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17
Q

It is the phase where period of growth and DNA replication between cell division

A

interphase

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18
Q

Three phases in interphase

A

G1 phase, S phase, and G2 Pphase

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19
Q

phase where a cell increases in size

A

G1 phase or growth phase

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20
Q

phase where the metabolism, protein synthesis and replication organelles

A

G1 phase or growth phase

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21
Q

phase where replication of the dna occure

A

s phase or synthesis phase

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22
Q

phase were 2 sister strands of DNA called chromatids are produced

A

s phase or synthesis phase

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23
Q

phase where new cytoplasm forms

A

G2 phase

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24
Q

phase wher all other structures needed for mitosis form

A

g2 phase

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25
Q

It is an enzyme that unwinds and separates double stranded DNA as it moves along the DNA

A

DNA helicase

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26
Q

Enzyme that synthesize new DNA molecules by adding nucleotides to leading and lagging DNA strands

A

DNA polymerase

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27
Q

Enzyme that unwinds and rewind’s DNA strands to prevent the DNA from becoming tangled or supercoiled

A

Tropoisomerase

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28
Q

lagging strand is also known as

A

okazaki fragments

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29
Q

It is separation of the two single strand of the DNA create the Y shaped appearance

A

replication fork

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30
Q

It is the chunks of the DNA

A

okazaki fragments

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31
Q

Short arm structure of chromosome

A

P arm

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32
Q

Long arm structure of chromosome

A

Q arm

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33
Q

The stage when a cell divides

A

Mitotic phase

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34
Q

The division of a single nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei

A

Mitosis

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35
Q

The division of a single nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei

A

Mitosis

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36
Q

phase were two division involves two processes

A

mitotic phase

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37
Q

Two processes in the mitotic phase

A

Division of the nucleus, and separation of the cytoplasm and the new nuclei into daughter cells

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38
Q

mitotic phase divided into two mitotic phases

A

First mitotic phases contain four stages and 2nd MP is cytokinesis

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39
Q

Metaphase is also called

A

Change phase

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40
Q

Anaphase is also called

A

Upward phase

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41
Q

Telophase is also called

A

Distance phase

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42
Q

chromosomes uncoil- turn chromatin

A

telophase

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43
Q

phase where The chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate

A

Metaphase

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44
Q

phase were centrioles move at Polar ends and projects spindle fibers to connect chromosome

A

Metaphase

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45
Q

phase where paired chromosome separated

A

anaphase

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46
Q

partial div of cytoplasm begin

A

anaphase

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47
Q

separated chromatids move to opposite pole

A

anaphase

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48
Q

Chromatids are being pulled to opposite sides of the cell

A

Anaphase

49
Q

Nuclear membrane is returning

A

telophase

50
Q

Spindle fiber disappear

A

telophase

51
Q

Chromosomes are at the poles

A

Telophase

52
Q

Occurs at the end of mitosis

A

Cytokinesis

53
Q

what phase A cleavage furrow separates the daughter cells

A

Cytokinesis

54
Q

What phase is a cell plate separate the daughter cells

A

Cytokinesis

55
Q

Cells return to interphase

A

Cytokinesis

56
Q

What amino acid is UUU

A

phenylalanine

57
Q

What amino acid is UUA

A

leucine

58
Q

what amino acid is AUG

A

methionine

59
Q

what amino acid is UAU

A

tyrosine

60
Q

what amino acid is CAU

A

histidine

61
Q

what amino acid is UGG

A

tryptophan

62
Q

what is the start codon

A

AUG

63
Q

what are the stop codon

A

UAA
UAG
UGA

64
Q

how many codons in nature

A

64 codons

65
Q

how manu amino acids in nature

A

20

66
Q

It is the cellular process by which DNA is copied to RNA

A

Transcription

67
Q

Transcription takes place in

A

nucleus

68
Q

Translation takes place in

A

cell cytoplasm

69
Q

Process by which are and a transcript are turned into proteins and peptides

A

Translation

70
Q

These bases are more important and significant

A

First two bases

71
Q

This base is variable and sensitive to mutation

A

Third base

72
Q

What phase is where the duplicated chromosomes are segregated and distributed into daughter nuclei

A

mitotic phase

73
Q

Cells that lack a membrane covered nucleus

A

prokaryotic cells

74
Q

Three functions of membrane proteins

A

Channel proteins, cell recognition, and enzymatic proteins

75
Q

Are simple protein pores that allow substances to move across the membrane from one side to the another

A

Channel proteins

76
Q

I’d like a proteins that have several functions such as recognition of pathogen; is also called identity badge

A

cell recognition

77
Q

are membrane proteins that carry out chemical reactions

A

enzymatic proteins

78
Q

Lipid bilayer is permeable to

A

O2, CO2, H2O and steroids

79
Q

lipid bilayer is impermeable to

A

glucose

80
Q

It is specific protein that extend into the lipid bilayer of the cell

A

Integral membrane proteins

81
Q

Attached to the inner surface of the membrane but they do not extend

A

peripheral membrane proteins

82
Q

It forms the cell boundary as well as the boundaries of many organelles within the cell

A

Phospholipid bilayer

83
Q

phospholipid bilayer that is Arrange on both the inner and outer surfaces of the cell membrane

A

polar heads or hydrophilic

84
Q

Phospholipid layers face each other in the center of the membrane

A

Nonpolar tails or hydrophobic

85
Q

These are densely packed DNA

A

chromosomes

86
Q

Disposable in RNA

A

mRNA

87
Q

It is a physical agent substance that may interfere with or damage but you can because normally present in the bodies

A

endogenous chemicals

88
Q

ATP synthesize aerobically in the

A

mitochondria

89
Q

ATP synthesize anaerobically in a

A

cytoplasm

90
Q

Polysaccharide that is 1 more than sugar

A

Disaccharide

91
Q

Disaccharide sugar

A

Lactose maltose sucrose

92
Q

Monosaccharides sugar

A

Galactose glucose fructose

93
Q

Lipid soluble in

A

Acetone and benzene

94
Q

Lipid is insoluble in

A

Water

95
Q

It is called the good cholesterol

A

HDL

96
Q

It is the bad cholesterol

A

LDL

97
Q

Most diverse and abundant group organic compound in the cell

A

Protein

98
Q

Organic compounds in the cell

A

Lipids, proteins, Carbohydrates, nucleic acid’s, high energy compounds

99
Q

Protein in the skin

A

keratin

100
Q

Protein in ligaments and tendons

A

collagen

101
Q

protein in muscle

A

myosin

102
Q

Junctions form when plasma membrane channels form two different cells join together

A

gap junctions

103
Q

Junction of adjoining cells can attach together to form tight junctions

A

membrane proteins

104
Q

forms study flexible sheets of cells

A

adhesion junction

105
Q

Interference in homeostasis

A

Inter-friends with absorption or disposition of an essential nutrient, interference with nerve transmission, damage to components of a cell organelle which prevents it from functioning

106
Q

Prokaryotes cell size ranges from

A

0.5 to 100 µm

107
Q

Eukaryotes cells size ranges from

A

10 to 150 µm

108
Q

Viscous or gelatinous consistency

A

mucilaginous

109
Q

For propulsion

A

Flagella

110
Q

For adhesion or attachments

A

pili and fimbriae

111
Q

No membrane-bound nucleus

A

Prokaryotes

112
Q

Cell walls made of peptidoglycan

A

Prokaryotes

113
Q

No membrane bound organelles

A

Prokaryotes

114
Q

Have pili and fimbriae for adhesion and flagella for propulsion

A

Prokaryotes

115
Q

have mucilaginous capsule

A

Prokaryotes

116
Q

Membrane-bound nucleus

A

Eukaryotes

117
Q

Cell walls if present made of cellulose

A

Eukaryotes

118
Q

Membrane bound organelles

A

eukaryotes

histo lec (6 decks)

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