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cell div and cell cycle Flashcards

1
Q

It’s the process by which a cell divides to form two new cells

A

Cell division

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2
Q

Three types of cell division

A

Binary fission, mitosis and meiosis

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3
Q

Cell division in prokaryotes

A

Binary fission

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4
Q

Type of cell division that divides forming two new identical cells

A

Binary fission

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5
Q

2 Cell division in eukaryotes

A

Mitosis and meiosis

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6
Q

It is a cell division where the cell or organism goat

A

Mitosis

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7
Q

cell div where replacement or repair of damage cells occur

A

Mitosis

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8
Q

It is a cell division were for mission of sex cells or gametes occurs

A

Meiosis

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9
Q

Why do cells divide

A

Cells divide for growth, development, repair of worn out tissues, and prep reduction
To facilitate the exchange of materials
To control DNA overloading

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10
Q

Three major steps in binary fission

A

DNA replication, chromosomes segregation and cytokinesis or separation

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11
Q

What steps where DNA is copied resulting into two identical chromosomes

A

DNA replication

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12
Q

Steps were cytoplasm divides forming two cells

A

Cytokinesis or separation

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13
Q

two steps in mitosis

A

mitosis and cytokinesis

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14
Q

It is the sequence of events from the time I sell first arises as a result of cell division until the time and that the cell itself divides

A

Cell cycle

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15
Q

Cell cycle consist of periods of

A

Growth and development, DNA replication, preparation for division, and cell division

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16
Q

2 Main periods of cell cycle

A

interphase and mitotic phase

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17
Q

It is the phase where period of growth and DNA replication between cell division

A

interphase

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18
Q

Three phases in interphase

A

G1 phase, S phase, and G2 Pphase

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19
Q

phase where a cell increases in size

A

G1 phase or growth phase

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20
Q

phase where the metabolism, protein synthesis and replication organelles

A

G1 phase or growth phase

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21
Q

phase where replication of the dna occure

A

s phase or synthesis phase

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22
Q

phase were 2 sister strands of DNA called chromatids are produced

A

s phase or synthesis phase

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23
Q

phase where new cytoplasm forms

A

G2 phase

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24
Q

phase wher all other structures needed for mitosis form

A

g2 phase

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25
It is an enzyme that unwinds and separates double stranded DNA as it moves along the DNA
DNA helicase
26
Enzyme that synthesize new DNA molecules by adding nucleotides to leading and lagging DNA strands
DNA polymerase
27
Enzyme that unwinds and rewind’s DNA strands to prevent the DNA from becoming tangled or supercoiled
Tropoisomerase
28
lagging strand is also known as
okazaki fragments
29
It is separation of the two single strand of the DNA create the Y shaped appearance
replication fork
30
It is the chunks of the DNA
okazaki fragments
31
Short arm structure of chromosome
P arm
32
Long arm structure of chromosome
Q arm
33
The stage when a cell divides
Mitotic phase
34
The division of a single nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei
Mitosis
35
The division of a single nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei
Mitosis
36
phase were two division involves two processes
mitotic phase
37
Two processes in the mitotic phase
Division of the nucleus, and separation of the cytoplasm and the new nuclei into daughter cells
38
mitotic phase divided into two mitotic phases
First mitotic phases contain four stages and 2nd MP is cytokinesis
39
Metaphase is also called
Change phase
40
Anaphase is also called
Upward phase
41
Telophase is also called
Distance phase
42
chromosomes uncoil- turn chromatin
telophase
43
phase where The chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate
Metaphase
44
phase were centrioles move at Polar ends and projects spindle fibers to connect chromosome
Metaphase
45
phase where paired chromosome separated
anaphase
46
partial div of cytoplasm begin
anaphase
47
separated chromatids move to opposite pole
anaphase
48
Chromatids are being pulled to opposite sides of the cell
Anaphase
49
Nuclear membrane is returning
telophase
50
Spindle fiber disappear
telophase
51
Chromosomes are at the poles
Telophase
52
Occurs at the end of mitosis
Cytokinesis
53
what phase A cleavage furrow separates the daughter cells
Cytokinesis
54
What phase is a cell plate separate the daughter cells
Cytokinesis
55
Cells return to interphase
Cytokinesis
56
What amino acid is UUU
phenylalanine
57
What amino acid is UUA
leucine
58
what amino acid is AUG
methionine
59
what amino acid is UAU
tyrosine
60
what amino acid is CAU
histidine
61
what amino acid is UGG
tryptophan
62
what is the start codon
AUG
63
what are the stop codon
UAA UAG UGA
64
how many codons in nature
64 codons
65
how manu amino acids in nature
20
66
It is the cellular process by which DNA is copied to RNA
Transcription
67
Transcription takes place in
nucleus
68
Translation takes place in
cell cytoplasm
69
Process by which are and a transcript are turned into proteins and peptides
Translation
70
These bases are more important and significant
First two bases
71
This base is variable and sensitive to mutation
Third base
72
What phase is where the duplicated chromosomes are segregated and distributed into daughter nuclei
mitotic phase
73
Cells that lack a membrane covered nucleus
prokaryotic cells
74
Three functions of membrane proteins
Channel proteins, cell recognition, and enzymatic proteins
75
Are simple protein pores that allow substances to move across the membrane from one side to the another
Channel proteins
76
I’d like a proteins that have several functions such as recognition of pathogen; is also called identity badge
cell recognition
77
are membrane proteins that carry out chemical reactions
enzymatic proteins
78
Lipid bilayer is permeable to
O2, CO2, H2O and steroids
79
lipid bilayer is impermeable to
glucose
80
It is specific protein that extend into the lipid bilayer of the cell
Integral membrane proteins
81
Attached to the inner surface of the membrane but they do not extend
peripheral membrane proteins
82
It forms the cell boundary as well as the boundaries of many organelles within the cell
Phospholipid bilayer
83
phospholipid bilayer that is Arrange on both the inner and outer surfaces of the cell membrane
polar heads or hydrophilic
84
Phospholipid layers face each other in the center of the membrane
Nonpolar tails or hydrophobic
85
These are densely packed DNA
chromosomes
86
Disposable in RNA
mRNA
87
It is a physical agent substance that may interfere with or damage but you can because normally present in the bodies
endogenous chemicals
88
ATP synthesize aerobically in the
mitochondria
89
ATP synthesize anaerobically in a
cytoplasm
90
Polysaccharide that is 1 more than sugar
Disaccharide
91
Disaccharide sugar
Lactose maltose sucrose
92
Monosaccharides sugar
Galactose glucose fructose
93
Lipid soluble in
Acetone and benzene
94
Lipid is insoluble in
Water
95
It is called the good cholesterol
HDL
96
It is the bad cholesterol
LDL
97
Most diverse and abundant group organic compound in the cell
Protein
98
Organic compounds in the cell
Lipids, proteins, Carbohydrates, nucleic acid’s, high energy compounds
99
Protein in the skin
keratin
100
Protein in ligaments and tendons
collagen
101
protein in muscle
myosin
102
Junctions form when plasma membrane channels form two different cells join together
gap junctions
103
Junction of adjoining cells can attach together to form tight junctions
membrane proteins
104
forms study flexible sheets of cells
adhesion junction
105
Interference in homeostasis
Inter-friends with absorption or disposition of an essential nutrient, interference with nerve transmission, damage to components of a cell organelle which prevents it from functioning
106
Prokaryotes cell size ranges from
0.5 to 100 µm
107
Eukaryotes cells size ranges from
10 to 150 µm
108
Viscous or gelatinous consistency
mucilaginous
109
For propulsion
Flagella
110
For adhesion or attachments
pili and fimbriae
111
No membrane-bound nucleus
Prokaryotes
112
Cell walls made of peptidoglycan
Prokaryotes
113
No membrane bound organelles
Prokaryotes
114
Have pili and fimbriae for adhesion and flagella for propulsion
Prokaryotes
115
have mucilaginous capsule
Prokaryotes
116
Membrane-bound nucleus
Eukaryotes
117
Cell walls if present made of cellulose
Eukaryotes
118
Membrane bound organelles
eukaryotes

histo lec (6 decks)

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