MIDTERMS: ADHD

Question 1

True or False: ADHD is more commonly diagnosed in adults than in children.

Answer 1

False: ADHD is more common in school-aged children (5-10%) than in adults (2%).

Question 2

What are some common side effects of stimulant medications used to treat ADHD?

Answer 2

Appetite suppression
Sleep disturbances
Weight loss
Irritability
Tics
Increased risk of sudden cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke

Question 2

Fill in the blank: One of the key affected brain regions in ADHD is the _________, important for attention control and regulation.

Answer 2

striatum

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The loss of normal brain _________ and smaller brain volumes are associated with ADHD, as shown by MRI.

Answer 3

asymmetry

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The behavioral rating scale used to assess the magnitude of ADHD symptoms is called the _________ Rating Scale.

Answer 3

Conner

Question 3

True or False: PET and SPECT scans in ADHD show increased activity in the striatum.

Answer 3

False: PET and SPECT scans show reduced activity and low blood flow in the striatum.

Question 4

True or False: ADHD symptoms must be present for at least 3 months to be diagnosed.

Answer 4

False: Symptoms must be present for at least 6 months for a diagnosis of ADHD.

Question 4

True or False: ADHD predominantly inattentive type is more common in males.

Answer 4

False: The inattentive type is more common in females, while the hyperactive-impulsive and combined types are more common in males.

Question 4

What are the three subtypes of ADHD as per the DSM-IV?

Answer 4

ADHD, predominantly inattentive type
ADHD, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type
ADHD, combined type

Question 5

Name two psychostimulant drugs used to treat ADHD.

Answer 5

Methylphenidate
Amphetamine

Question 5

Which areas of the brain show reduced activity in ADHD, as revealed by PET scans?

Answer 5

The striatum, frontal lobes, and posterior periventricular region show reduced activity.

Question 5

Fill in the blank: According to DSM-IV, ADHD symptoms must begin before age ________ and be present for at least ________ months.

Answer 5

7 years, 6 months

Question 5

What non-stimulant medication is used to treat ADHD, and what is its mechanism of action?

Answer 5

Atomoxetine, a noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor.

Question 5

According to DSM-IV, at what age must ADHD symptoms begin to be diagnosed?

Answer 5

Before age 7 years.

Question 5

What dietary recommendations are given for children with ADHD?

Answer 5

Children with ADHD are advised to eat iron-rich and calcium-rich foods.

Question 5

Fill in the blank: ADHD is often linked to disturbances in the _________ system, particularly affecting cognitive function.

Answer 5

dopamine

Question 5

True or False: The dopamine system is thought to play a significant role in the onset of ADHD.

Answer 5

True: The Dopamine Hypothesis suggests disturbances in the dopamine system contribute to ADHD.

Question 5

What neurotransmitter is most associated with the “dopamine hypothesis” of ADHD?

Answer 5

Dopamine

Question 5

What medical conditions should be ruled out when diagnosing ADHD, due to their potential impact on attention and school performance?

Answer 5

Chronic illnesses like headaches (HA), seizures, asthma, allergies, and diabetes.