FINALS: Peripheral Vascular Disease Flashcards
What defines Peripheral Vascular Disorders?
Any vessel distal to the coronary arteries, with vasculature below the aortoiliac bifurcation being most vulnerable to disease.
What is Acute Arterial Injury, and what are common causes?
Acute arterial injury is usually due to trauma, such as Volkmann’s ischemia or radial artery compression from a humeral fracture.
How is Acute Arterial Injury managed?
Management involves surgical repair.
How does a false aneurysm form?
Due to damage to an artery, blood leaks until external pressure equals the arterial pressure, forming a hematoma that organizes and creates a central cavity lined with endothelium.
Where is Arterial Thrombosis and Embolism most common?
It is most common at the femoropopliteal bifurcation.
What is the most common source of emboli in Arterial Thrombosis and Embolism?
The heart is the most common source of emboli.
What are the management options for Arterial Thrombosis and Embolism?
Anticoagulation and embolectomy
What are the manifestations of Arterial Thrombosis and Embolism?
Decreased sensation → edema → ischemic muscle pain → skin demarcation → necrosis. 40 mmHg pressure is significant for gangrene formation.
How is Thromboangiitis Obliterans managed?
Cessation of smoking, symptomatic treatment, and in severe cases, amputation.
What population is most affected by Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger’s Disease)?
Young males who are heavy smokers.
What are the key manifestations of Thromboangiitis Obliterans?
Coldness, numbness, paresthesias, absence of pulse, and paralysis. Intermittent claudication occurs if collaterals are present.
What arteries are involved in Thromboangiitis Obliterans?
Small and distal arteries, progressing proximally.
What is Arteriosclerosis / Atherosclerosis Obliterans?
A chronic, progressive plaque buildup in large arteries, often in the middle third of the femoral artery and aortoiliac areas.
What conditions are associated with Arteriosclerosis / Atherosclerosis Obliterans?
Diabetes and atherosclerosis.
What are the manifestations of Arteriosclerosis / Atherosclerosis Obliterans?
Intermittent claudication, pain at rest, and gangrene.
What are the manifestations of Raynaud’s Disease?
Digital cyanosis followed by redness and reflex vasodilation, causing pain and paresthesias in the hands. It may lead to trophic or superficial tissue necrosis.
An idiopathic, intermittent, bilateral vasospasm of digital arterioles, usually occurring in women and aggravated by cold and stress.
Raynaud’s Disease
What is Vibratory White Finger Syndrome, and what causes it?
An occupational disease similar to Raynaud’s, caused by the use of vibratory equipment. It involves progressive vasospasm of one or more fingers, potentially leading to amputation.
What is an aneurysm?
A localized swelling of a pulsating vessel. It can be classified as a false, true, or dissecting aneurysm.
What is a true aneurysm, and what causes it?
A result of vascular disease, often due to arteriosclerosis, causing the arterial wall to weaken and dilate, leading to thinning of the arterial coats. Commonly affects the aorta and popliteal arteries.
What is superficial thrombophlebitis?
An embolic occlusion of a surface vein causing inflammation without significant edema.
A condition involving significant edema that is often silent until a thrombus causes embolism, with the potential for life-threatening complications.
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT),
What characterizes a dissecting aneurysm?
A tear in the tunica intima that leads to decreased blood pressure and cerebral blood flow, forming a pulsating mass that can cause symptoms like stasis, edema, thrombosis, and possibly fatal rupture.
What is Phlegmasia Alba Dolens?
A massive iliofemoral venous thrombosis with arterial spasm, causing the leg to become pale, cool, and painful, with poor or absent distal pulses.
