Midterms 3 Flashcards
Is a collection of organisms of a
particular species, sharing a particular
characteristics of interest, most often
that of living in a given area
Population
Characteristics of Population
Size
Density
Distribution
It pertains to the number of individuals in a
population. It may change when individuals
enter or leave the population.
Size
Factors that affect the size of population
Emigration
Immigration
Natality
Mortality
– number of species that leave the land
Emigration
– number of species that entered the land
Immigration
– number of species that are born
Natality
– number of species that die
Mortality
It is the number of the individuals of species living in a
particular area of that population.
Density
tells how individuals are located in a particular area.
It is simply the arrangement or how organisms
belong in a population is organized within a
particular space.
Distribution
Three ways that organisms can be distributed
Random Distribution
Uniform Distribution
Clumped Distribution
The organisms are evenly
distributed over an area
Example: coconut plantation
Uniform Distribution
There is no specific order; the organism
is spread throughout the area
without an overall pattern.
Example: Shrub
a.Random Distribution
The organisms are
concentrated in an area. It may
offer the population protection
from enemies.
Example: school of fishes
clumped Distribution
means the presence of diverse biological
forms as well as the ecosystem in which they live.
What is Biodiversity?
LEVELS OF BIODIVERSITY
Species Diversity
Genetic Diversity
Ecosystem Diversity
It refers to the variety of living organisms
SPECIES
DIVERSITY
It refers to the variety of genetic
information contained in all the
individual plants, animals and
microorganism.
Genetic Diversity
It refers to the variety of biotic communities,
habitats, and ecological processes as well as the
tremendous diversity present within ecosystem.
Ecosystem diversity
There are 2 main threats to Biodiversity
- Natural Biodiversity Loss
- Human-driven biodiversity loss
- seasonal changes
- natural ecological disturbance
During warmer months plants
begin to grow and produce food
animals to eat.
In summer the diversity and
abundance of insect (e.g bees,
butterflies) peak, supporting a
higher diversity of insectivorous
birds and small mammals.
Natural Biodiversity Loss
They destroy ecosystem and
biodiversity
Human-driven biodiversity loss
Other Threats to Biodiversity
- Habitat loss
- Invasive Alien Species
- Pollution
- Overexploitation/Overharvesting
- Climate Change
which is any thinning, fragmentation, or destruction of an
existing natural habitat—reduces or eliminates the food
resources and living space for most species
Habitat loss
a. Janitor Fish are considered a threat
to the freshwater fish population;
they are found in the Marikina River
and Laguna de Bay. Due to
irresponsible disposal of janitor fish
by aquarium owners to the river.
(janitor fish originated from Brazil or
Peru)
Invasive Alien Species
a. Janitor Fish are considered a threat
to the freshwater fish population;
they are found in the Marikina River
and Laguna de Bay. Due to
irresponsible disposal of janitor fish
by aquarium owners to the river.
(janitor fish originated from Brazil or
Peru)
Invasive Alien Species
Ecosystems are impacted by air pollution,
particularly sulfur and nitrogen emissions,
and ground-level ozone as it affects their
ability to function and grow.
Pollution
For instance, when overfishing of one species leads to a decline in
by-catch or drives the market to overexploit another, previously
unexploited, species
Overexploitation/Overharvesting
For many species, temperature
serves as a cue for
reproduction. Clearly, changes
in sea temperature could affect
their successful breeding
Climate Change
is a population of organisms which is
facing a high risk of becoming extinct because it is either few in
numbers, or threatened by changing environmental or
predation parameters
endangered species
have restricted limited habitat
Extinct species
refer to species or subspecies that are not
critically endangered or endangered but is under threat from adverse
factors throughout their range and is likely to move to the endangered
category in the near future
Vulnerable species
refer to specie or subspecies
that are not critically endangered nor vulnerable but are under
threat from adverse factors such as over collection.
Other threatened species (OTS)
MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
◆ Pollution of Air, Water and Land
◆ Hazardous Chemicals and Wastes
◆ Land Degradation
◆ Loss of Biodiversity
◆ Ozone Depletion
◆ Climate Change
◆ Loss of natural and cultural
resources
the emission of any impurity
into the air, such as smoke
(including tobacco smoke),
dust, cinders, solid particles,
gases, mists, fumes, odours
and radioactive substances.
AIR POLLUTION
