Midterms 2 Flashcards
Is a defined space in which
organisms interactions take
place between a community,
with all its complex
interrelationships and the
physical environment.
Ecosystem
There are different types
how organisms that
interact in the ecosystem
such as
a) Predation
b) Competition and,
c) Symbiotic relationship
describes an interaction where a
predator species kills and eats other
organisms, known as prey.
Predation
Occurs when two or more organisms
of same or different species
compete to use the same limited
resources or basic needs
Competition
is a close ecological relationship between the
individuals of two or more species.
Symbiosis
is a close ecological relationship between the
individuals of two or more species.
Symbiosis
Three categories of symbiotic relationship
are
Mutualism, commensalism,
parasitism, cooperation
is a symbiotic relationship between two
organisms of different species in which one derives
some benefit while the other is unaffected.
Commensalism
is an association between organisms of two different
species in which each member benefits.
In many mutualistic relationships, the relationship is obligatory; the
species cannot live without each other
Mutualism
is a form of symbiosis in which one species benefits at the
expense of another species; similar to predation, but acts more
slowly than predators and may not always kill the host.
Parasitism
Organisms have three major
roles of in ecosystems such as
a) Producers
b)Consumers and,
c) decomposers
Autotrophic
Phototropic
Chemotropic
Producer
organisms
that make their own food.
autotrophic
organisms use
photosynthesis and contain
chlorophyll
Phototrophic
organisms use chemicals
other than H20, such as H2
S
Chemotrophic
are heterotrophic organisms that cannot make their own
food.
They consume organic matter to provide themselves with energy and
molecules necessary to build their own bodies
Consumers
Primary consumers consist of:
Herbivores and carnivores
feed on vegetation (producers)
Herbivores
are animals that primarily eat other
animals
Carnivores
➢ are predators that feed on primary consumers(herbivores) or
primary carnivores.
➢ They are typically found in the third trophic level of a food
chain.
Secondary carnivores
➢ are predators at the top of the food chain that feed on
secondary carnivores.
➢ They occupy the fourth trophic level
Tertiary consumers
feed on both producers and
consumers
Omnivores
feed on CARRION (dead or injured
animal corpses) and dead plant biomass.
Scavengers
are heterotrophs that recycle small, often microscopic bits of dead
organic matter into inorganic nutrients available for plants to take
up from the soil.
Decomposers
also known as a trophic
pyramid or energy pyramid
it is a graphical
representation that shoes
the distribution of energy,
biomass or number of
organisms at different
trophic levels in an
ecosystem.
Ecological pyramid
The Pyramid of Number
denotes the total number of
living individuals at various
trophic levels in an ecological
system. The producers are at
the base and top carnivores at
the topmost level in this
pyramid
Pyramid of Number
.
The ecological pyramid that is made
by considering the amount of
biomass that is produced by the living
system of each trophic level is
represented by the pyramid of
biomass.
The pyramid that demonstrates the
total weight of every trophic level in a
specific food chain in an ecosystem is
the biomass pyramid.
Pyramid of Biomass
The ecological pyramid which is
formed by determining the flow of
energy from one trophic level to
another is known as the
Pyramid of Energy
is a
series of organisms that
transfer food between
the trophic levels of an
ecosystem using only
one species at each
level
A Food CHAIN
more accurately show
the network of food
chains representing
the feeding
relationships among
organisms in an
ecosystem.
Food WEBS
As energy flows through an ecosystem, it passes through several level known as
Trophic level
