MIDTERM: UNIT 3 Nervous System Flashcards
In integumentary system, the
_________ nerves of the ________ control contraction of smooth muscles attached to hair follicles and secretion of perspiration from sweat glands.
- sympathetic
- autonomic nervous system (ANS)
_________ in bone tissue warn of bone trauma or damage in the skeletal system.
- Pain receptors
In the muscular system, __________ receive instructions from motor areas of the brain and stimulate contraction of skeletal muscles to bring about body movements.
- ________ and ________ set level of muscle tone
- ________ coordinates skilled movement
- somatic motor neurons
- basal nuclei and reticular formation
- cerebellum
In the ___________, the hypothalamus regulates secretion of hormones from anterior and posterior ________.
- ANS regulate secretion of hormones from ________ and _________
- endocrine system; pituitary
- adrenal medulla and pancreas
The cardiovascular center in the ___________ provides nerve impulses to ANS that govern heart rate and the forcefulness of the heartbeat.
- Nerve impulses from ANS also regulate blood pressure and blood flow through ________.
- medulla oblongata
- blood vessels
__________: contain certain neurotransmitters to help regulate immune responses.
- activity in nervous system may increase OR decrease immune responses
lymphatic system and immunity
respiratory areas in brainstem control _______ and ________
_____: helps regulate diameter of airways
- breathing rate and depth
- ANS
in the digestive system, _________ of the ANS helps regulate digestion
_________: of ANS stimulates many digestive processes
- enteric division
- parasympathetic division
In the urinary system, ____ helps regulate blood flow to kidneys, thereby influencing the rate of urine formation
- ________ & _______ centers govern emptying of the urinary bladder
- ANS
- brain and spinal cord
in the reproductive system, the _______ and _______ govern a variety of sexual behaviors
- ____ brings about erection of penis in males and clitoris in females and ejaculation of semen in males
- _________ regulates release of anterior pituitary hormones that control gonads (ovaries and testes)
- nerve impulses elicited by touch stimuli from suckling infants can cause release of ________ and milk ejection in nursing mothers
- hypothalamus and limbic system
- ANS
- hypothalamus
- oxytocin
FOR ALL BODY SYSTEMS
- together with hormones from the ________ system, nerve impulses provide communication and regulation of most body tissues
- endocrine
FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
- sensory function
- integrative function
- motor function
________: detect internal stimuli, such as an increase in blood pressure, or external stimuli (ex. raindrop landing on your arm)
- this sensory information is then carried into the brain and spinal cord through ______ and ______ nerves
SENSORY FUNCTION
sensory receptors
- cranial and spinal nerves
nervous system processes sensory information by analyzing it and making decisions for appropriate responses - an activity known as ________
INTEGRATIVE FUNCTION
- integration
- once sensory information ins integrated, the nervous system may elicit an appropriate ______ by activating ______ (muscles and glands) through cranial and spinal nerves.
- stimulation of the effectors causes muscles to contract and glands to excrete
MOTOR FUNCTIONS
- motor response
- effectors
-
DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
PERIPHERAL NS
1. cranial nerves
2. spinal nerves
3. enteric plexuses in small intestine
4. sensory receptors in skin
CENTRAL NS
1. brain
2. spinal cord
visceral effectors
- cardiac (heart) muscle
- smooth muscle
- vascular smooth muscle
sympathetic:
- increased heart rate and force of atrial and ventricular contractions
parasympathetic:
- decreased heart rate
- decreased force of atrial contraction
cardiac muscle
smooth muscles (12)
- iris - radial muscle
- iris - circular muscle
- ciliary muscle of the eye
- lungs, bronchial muscle
- gallbladder and ducts
- stomach and intestines
- spleen
- ureter
- urinary bladder
- uterus
- sex organs
- hair follicles, arrector pili muscle
sympathetic:
- contraction —> dilation of pupil
parasympathetic:
- no known effect
SMOOTH MUSCLE
iris, radial muscle
sympathetic:
- no known effect
parasympathetic:
- contraction —> constriction of pupil
SMOOTH MUSCLE
iris, circular muscle
sympathetic:
- relaxation to adjust shape of lens for distant vision
parasympathetic:
- contraction for close vision
SMOOTH MUSCLE
ciliary muscle of the eye
sympathetic:
- relaxation —> airway dilation
parasympathetic:
- contraction —> airway constriction
SMOOTH MUSCLE
lungs, bronchial muscle
sympathetic:
- relaxation to facilitate storage of bile in the gallbladder
parasympathetic:
- contraction —> release of bile into small intestine
SMOOTH MUSCLE
gallbladder and ducts
