Midterm studying Flashcards
Which immunoglobulin is the most abundant Ig in serum?
IgG
Which immune cells are mentioned to present antigens to T-cells?
Macrophages
A transfusion reaction caused by receiving incompatible blood is an example of what type of hypersensitivity rxn?
Type II
Which Ig does not participate in complement activation?
IgE
Which immune cell is the first responder in bacterial infections?
Neutrophils
In which tests is Coombs reagent used to detect antibodies against RBCs?
Direct and indirect Coombs tests
What is the significance of a positive indirect Coombs test?
Antibodies in the serum reacting with foreign RBC antigens (pt’s serum was exposed to RBCs with predetermined antigens)
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is most associated with rheumatoid arthritis?
Type III
Which test is used to detect antibodies against HIV?
ELISA
A patient with frequent, severe infections and low levels of all immunoglobulins might have what?
Immunodeficiency condition
What is the primary function of IgE?
Mediating allergic responses
What blood type is the universal donor for red blood cells?
O-
What blood type is the universal recipient for red blood cells?
AB+
Which of the following is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease?
a) Myasthenia gravis
b) Type 1 diabetes
c) Graves’ disease
d) Immune thrombocytopenia
b) Type 1 diabetes
Which blood product is specifically mentioned to contain clotting factors and be used for coagulopathy?
Fresh frozen plasma
Which test is used to quantify HIV RNA levels?
HIV RNA PCR
Which condition involves antibodies targeting thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors? What type of hypersensitivity is this?
Graves’ disease; type II
Antibodies targeting platelets is a type II hypersensitivity rxn called what?
Immune thrombocytopenia
Transfusion reaction after receiving incompatible blood is a type ___________ hypersensitivity rxn
II
True or false: type AB blood contains no antibodies
True
When are indirect Coombs tests used?
In pregnant women and blood transfusion testing
What do direct Coombs tests test?
RBCs
At what INR should you give fresh frozen plasma?
=/> 1.6
Cryoprecipitate is concentrated in what 4 things?
1+2) Factors 8 and 13
3) Fibrinogen
4) Von Willebrand factor
What is the difference between fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate?
Fresh frozen is thawed and centrifuged, precipitate is re-frozen.
When would you see an increase in MPV?
Massive hemorrhage, leukemia (lots of baby platelets)
When would you see decreased MPV?
Chemo, myelosuppression, aplastic anemia
Too many platelets is also called?
Thrombocythemia
How do you comment on hemoglobin content?
Normochromic, hypochromic, hyperchromic
What is the least-used indice?
RDW
When is RDW useful? (red blood cell distribution width)
Classifying anemias
What’s the difference between MCH and MCHC?
MCH is amt of hemoglobin, MCHC is relative to cell volume
What do hypochromic RBCs indicate?
Hemoglobin deficiency
What is probably machine error?
Hyperchromic RBCs
Liver disease, cancer, infection, and alcoholism (all chronic disease states) can cause what to be factitiously elevated?
Ferritin
Chronic gingivitis, low HDL, high BMI, and HTN may cause what?
High CRP
In Type III hypersensitivity reactions, where do antigen-antibody complexes tend to deposit?
a) Skin and mucosa
b) Joints and blood vessels
c) Lungs and liver
d) Lymph nodes and thymus
b) Joints and blood vessels
Which test is used to distinguish HIV-1 from HIV-2?
a) Indirect Coombs test
b) ELISA
c) HIV differentiation immunoassay
d) CD4 count
c) HIV differentiation immunoassay
Which immune disorder results from T-cell destruction of pancreatic beta cells?
a) Rheumatoid arthritis
b) Type 1 diabetes
c) Graves’ disease
d) Type 2 diabetes
b) Type 1 diabetes
Which immunoglobulin is rarely evaluated and has an unclear function?
a) IgA
b) IgD
c) IgE
d) IgM
b) IgD
What is the significance of a positive Indirect Coombs Test?
a) Confirms hemolytic anemia
b) Identifies free antibodies in plasma
c) Measures CD4 count
d) Detects immune complex deposition
b) Identifies free antibodies in plasma
Which test is ordered when a transfusion is highly likely and involves recipient-donor compatibility testing?
a) Type and Screen
b) Type and Cross
c) Indirect Coombs Test
d) Direct Coombs Test
b) Type and Cross
