Midterm studying

Question 1

Which immunoglobulin is the most abundant Ig in serum?

Answer 1

IgG

Question 2

Which immune cells are mentioned to present antigens to T-cells?

Answer 2

Macrophages

Question 3

A transfusion reaction caused by receiving incompatible blood is an example of what type of hypersensitivity rxn?

Answer 3

Type II

Question 4

Which Ig does not participate in complement activation?

Answer 4

IgE

Question 5

Which immune cell is the first responder in bacterial infections?

Answer 5

Neutrophils

Question 6

In which tests is Coombs reagent used to detect antibodies against RBCs?

Answer 6

Direct and indirect Coombs tests

Question 7

What is the significance of a positive indirect Coombs test?

Answer 7

Antibodies in the serum reacting with foreign RBC antigens (pt’s serum was exposed to RBCs with predetermined antigens)

Question 8

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is most associated with rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 8

Type III

Question 9

Which test is used to detect antibodies against HIV?

Answer 9

ELISA

Question 10

A patient with frequent, severe infections and low levels of all immunoglobulins might have what?

Answer 10

Immunodeficiency condition

Question 11

What is the primary function of IgE?

Answer 11

Mediating allergic responses

Question 12

What blood type is the universal donor for red blood cells?

Answer 12

O-

Question 13

What blood type is the universal recipient for red blood cells?

Answer 13

AB+

Question 14

Which of the following is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease?
a) Myasthenia gravis
b) Type 1 diabetes
c) Graves’ disease
d) Immune thrombocytopenia

Answer 14

b) Type 1 diabetes

Question 15

Which blood product is specifically mentioned to contain clotting factors and be used for coagulopathy?

Answer 15

Fresh frozen plasma

Question 16

Which test is used to quantify HIV RNA levels?

Answer 16

HIV RNA PCR

Question 17

Which condition involves antibodies targeting thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors? What type of hypersensitivity is this?

Answer 17

Graves’ disease; type II

Question 18

Antibodies targeting platelets is a type II hypersensitivity rxn called what?

Answer 18

Immune thrombocytopenia

Question 19

Transfusion reaction after receiving incompatible blood is a type ___________ hypersensitivity rxn

Answer 19

II

Question 20

True or false: type AB blood contains no antibodies

Answer 20

True

Question 21

When are indirect Coombs tests used?

Answer 21

In pregnant women and blood transfusion testing

Question 22

What do direct Coombs tests test?

Answer 22

RBCs

Question 23

At what INR should you give fresh frozen plasma?

Answer 23

=/> 1.6

Question 24

Cryoprecipitate is concentrated in what 4 things?

Answer 24

1+2) Factors 8 and 13
3) Fibrinogen
4) Von Willebrand factor

Question 25

What is the difference between fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate?

Answer 25

Fresh frozen is thawed and centrifuged, precipitate is re-frozen.

Question 27

When would you see an increase in MPV?

Answer 27

Massive hemorrhage, leukemia (lots of baby platelets)

Question 28

When would you see decreased MPV?

Answer 28

Chemo, myelosuppression, aplastic anemia

Question 29

Too many platelets is also called?

Answer 29

Thrombocythemia

Question 30

How do you comment on hemoglobin content?

Answer 30

Normochromic, hypochromic, hyperchromic

Question 32

What is the least-used indice?

Answer 32

RDW

Question 33

When is RDW useful? (red blood cell distribution width)

Answer 33

Classifying anemias

Question 34

What's the difference between MCH and MCHC?

Answer 34

MCH is amt of hemoglobin, MCHC is relative to cell volume

Question 35

What do hypochromic RBCs indicate?

Answer 35

Hemoglobin deficiency

Question 36

What is probably machine error?

Answer 36

Hyperchromic RBCs

Question 37

Liver disease, cancer, infection, and alcoholism (all chronic disease states) can cause what to be factitiously elevated?

Answer 37

Ferritin

Question 38

Chronic gingivitis, low HDL, high BMI, and HTN may cause what?

Answer 38

High CRP

Question 39

In Type III hypersensitivity reactions, where do antigen-antibody complexes tend to deposit? a) Skin and mucosa b) Joints and blood vessels c) Lungs and liver d) Lymph nodes and thymus

Answer 39

b) Joints and blood vessels

Question 40

Which test is used to distinguish HIV-1 from HIV-2? a) Indirect Coombs test b) ELISA c) HIV differentiation immunoassay d) CD4 count

Answer 40

c) HIV differentiation immunoassay

Question 41

Which immune disorder results from T-cell destruction of pancreatic beta cells? a) Rheumatoid arthritis b) Type 1 diabetes c) Graves’ disease d) Type 2 diabetes

Answer 41

b) Type 1 diabetes

Question 42

Which immunoglobulin is rarely evaluated and has an unclear function? a) IgA b) IgD c) IgE d) IgM

Answer 42

b) IgD

Question 43

What is the significance of a positive Indirect Coombs Test? a) Confirms hemolytic anemia b) Identifies free antibodies in plasma c) Measures CD4 count d) Detects immune complex deposition

Answer 43

b) Identifies free antibodies in plasma

Question 44

Which test is ordered when a transfusion is highly likely and involves recipient-donor compatibility testing? a) Type and Screen b) Type and Cross c) Indirect Coombs Test d) Direct Coombs Test

Answer 44

b) Type and Cross