Extra wk 3 studying Flashcards
What condition is associated with hypersegmented neutrophils?
Megaloblastic anemia
What do neutrophils fight?
Bacteria
What does a left shift in the WBC differential indicate?
Ongoing bacterial infection
What is a common cause of elevated ferritin levels?
Inflammation or infection
1) What is total iron binding capacity (TIBC) / transferrin?
2) When is it high?
1) Measurement of all proteins available for binding iron (mostly transferrin)
2) Iron deficiency
1) What is transferrin saturation?
2) When is it decreased and increased?
1) Percentage of TIBC (mostly transferrin) that is saturated with iron
2) Decreased in iron deficiency anemia, increased in other anemias + iron overload or poisoning
Increased ferritin represents iron excess, like in what condition?
Hemochromatosis
Name something that is factitiously elevated in chronic disease states
Ferritin
Total iron in body = what 2 things?
Ferritin (stored iron) + TIBC (transferrin)
What happens to ferritin (stored iron) and TIBC (transferrin) when there’s too much iron out?
Ferritin decreases, TIBC increases
What happens to ferritin (stored iron) and TIBC (transferrin) when there’s too much iron-in?
Ferritin increases, TIBC decreases
What is CRP?
Acute phase reactant protein secreted by liver in the presence of inflammation or bacterial infections (nonspecific)
What is used to determine cardiac risk factors? (hint: elevated = 3xs increased risk MI)
CRP
What factors are measured by PTT?
8, 9, 11, and 12
Fibrinogen assay measures what factor?
Factor I
List 3 situations where fibrinogen assay may be decreased
1) Liver disease
2) Consumptive coagulopathy
3) Recent transfusion (banked blood does not have fibrinogen)
What is INR?
Calculated from PT in order to assess risk of bleeding/coagulation; essentially a measure of how much longer it takes for blood to clot
-ex: 1.5 = 50% longer for blood to clot (blood is “thinner”)
True or false: PT and INR communicate the same thing
True
When might D-dimer increase?
DVT, PE; cancer, inflammation, infection, COVID-19; Sickle cell disease
Basophilia on its own might indicate what?
Leukemia
What measures available proteins for iron binding?
TIBC/ transferrin
What condition is associated with Auer rods?
Acute myeloid leukemia
Neutrophils with 6 or more lobes are highly sensitive and specific for megaloblastic anemias. What are they called?
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Oval inclusions due to severe stress (like burns)causing improper maturation are?
Dohle bodies
If neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells are elevated, what can this indicate?
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
Lymphocytes are the only cell elevated with what condition?
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Which anemia is associated with folate deficiency?
Macrocytic
Which cell type is associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?
Lymphoblasts
What condition is characterized by decreased MCHC?
Hypochromic RBCs (hgb deficiency)
What is probably a machine error or hemolyzed sample ?
Hyperchromic RBCs
What condition is indicated by basophilia?
Leukemia
What does an elevated INR indicate?
Increased bleeding risk
Which test is used to measure inflammation and cardiac risk?
C-reactive protein (CRP)
What does the total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) measure?
All proteins available for binding iron (mostly transferrin)
What condition is diagnosed with a blood smear showing blast cells?
Leukemia
