Midterm Study Guide Flashcards
man-made items used as sources to study history
artifacts
What are three primary sources?
artifacts
written records
tradition
What is the most important and reliable type of primary source?
written records
What is the name of the command for man to control the earth by exercising dominion over it?
Creation Mandate
What is the division of labor that is part of every city?
specialization
Whose efforts did God use to save the human race from the Flood?
Noah’s
Who committed the first murder?
Cain
Which two rivers cradled the first civilizations?
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
What biblical event does the Epic of Gilgamesh give an account of?
the flood
What geographic factor helped preserve the monuments, the documents, and the bodies of ancient Egyptian rulers?
the desert
What ancient civilization was responsible for the invention of the wheel?
Sumerians
What society were hieroglyphics and papyrus invented by?
Egyptians
What is the term for the worship of many gods?
polytheistic
What is the practice of interpreting human events and destiny by the position of the planets and stars?
astrology
The flooding of the Nile gave the banks rich soil called ___.
silt
The greatest contribution of the Egyptian culture was their ___ methods. Perfecting this was necessary due to their beliefs in the afterlife.
embalming
The ___ may have been used by God to remove the Israelites from a position of favor which would eventually lead them to depart Egypt.
Hyksos
What were the laws of Hammurabi based on?
social class
The language spoken by Jesus and his disciples was probably ___.
Aramaic
What issue did the twelve tribes of Israel divide over?
tax increase
The Chaldeans were also known as ___.
Babylonians
the king at the height of the Chaldean Empire
Nebuchadnezzar
The Bible refers to Cyrus as ___.
“The Lord’s Anointed”
What civilization was the Royal Road a part of?
Persian
the seventy years of exile suffered by the Jews in Babylon
Babylonian Captivity
Which Chaldean King saw a finger writing judgment on his palace wall?
Belshazzar
List three things that the Persians borrowed from another culture.
coinage
calendar
alphabet
Who were believed to be the originators of the alphabet?
Phoenicians
the scattering of the Jewish people by Nebuchadnezzar
Diaspora
The messianic line is through ___.
David
Jerusalem was destroyed and the Jews were taken captive to Babylon in ___.
586 BC
The leading commercial center of the early mainland Aegean civilization was ___.
Mycenae
The Olympic Games were originally held in honor of ___.
Zeus
What was the basic political unit of Greece?
polis
What was the Spartan way of life centered on?
military training
Which league did Sparta form to thwart the advance of Athenian democracy?
Peloponnesian League
the alliance formed by Athens to protect Greece from further Persian attack
Delian League
The government of Athens under Pericles was a ___.
democracy
The Peloponnesian War developed over ___.
a rivalry between Persia and Greece.
What was the most important result of the Peloponnesian War?
political disunity in Greece
What is the name of the period in which Greek culture was spread throughout the ancient world?
Hellenistic Age
The apostle Paul’s visit to Athens brought him into conflict with ___.
Epicureans and Stoics
Herodotus and Thucydides were ___.
historians
Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian refer to Greek ___.
architecture
Who was the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey?
Homer
type of government that is the “rule by one”
monarchy
type of government that is the “rule by a few”
oligarchy
type of government that is the “rule by the people”
democracy
type of government that is the “rule by force”
tyranny
the breakdown of government and order
anarchy
Who was Homer?
a poet
Who said “Know thyself.”
Socrates
Who was the Father of Medicine?
Hippocrates
Who was the Father of History?
Herodotus
Who was the Father of Geometry?
Euclid
What river was Rome established on?
Tiber
The Law of Twelve Tables was important primarily because it ___.
was the first Roman law that was written down
Much of the First Punic War was fought over control of the island of ___.
Sicily
At the Battle of Cannae, Hannibal defeated the Romans by ___.
surrounding them on all sides
The victory of Sulla in the first civil war increased the power of the ___.
Senate
“crossing the Rubicon” means
making a fateful decision from which there is no turning back
Julius Caesar was assassinated in the ___.
first century BC
After the death of Julius Caesar, Rome was ruled by ___.
Antony and Octavian
What is the most famous of the Roman roads?
Appian Way
first Roman to organize a professional army that served for financial gain rather than for patriotism
Marius
established a calendar that is the basis of our own
Julius Caesar
What was Cleopatra?
a ruler of Egypt
How did Rome win the loyalty of its captives?
it generally treated them with mercy & fairness
What city was destroyed, yet preserved, by a volcanic eruption?
Pompeii
The Septuagint is the translation of the Old Testament into ___.
Hebrew
Which Roman province was Jesus born in?
Judea
Why did persecution of the Christians begin?
Because Christians refused to worship the emperor.
What was the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire?
Constantinople
What Roman engineering accomplishment supplied water to the cities?
aqueducts
Christ was brought before which Roman governor?
Pontius Pilot
What is the practice of withdrawing from all worldly cares and possessions and practicing strict discipline and religious exercises?
monasticism
Which ancient eastern city became the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire?
Byzantine
Which city was the meeting place of East and West and the vital link in both land and sea trade routes?
Constantinople
What was Justinian’s goal during his reign?
to restore the greatness of the Roman Empire
“Hagia Sophia” means
“holy wisdom”
The Byzantine secret weapon that would burn on water was called ___.
Greek fire
The Swedish Norsemen who plundered Slavic villages in Russia were ___.
Varangians
In early Russia what important river was used as a major trade route with the Byzantine Empire?
Dnieper
The Slavic alphabet was adapted from the ___ alphabet.
Greek
Who do the Arabs trace their beginnings to?
Ishmael
What aspect of the Judeo-Christian belief impressed and influenced Muhammad?
the belief in one god
Initially, Muhammad was persecuted in Mecca because of fear that he would ___.
interfere with the profitable business of the Black Stone
What was the major problem after Muhammad’s death?
he did not appoint a successor
What stopped the Muslim advance in Europe?
the Battle of Tours
Al-Rāzi and Ibn Sina are best known for their knowledge in the field of ___.
medicine
Which religion threatened the Byzantine Empire through the invasion of the Turkish peoples?
Islam
What was the largest ethnic group living in early Russia?
Slavs
What is the name of the sacred shrine in Mecca that once housed hundreds of pagan idols?
Kaaba
In which city did Muhammad become a spiritual, political, and military leader?
Medina
Muslims pray toward and take pilgrimages to what city?
Mecca
desert herdsmen
Bedouins
the Muslim god
Allah
“submission” to Allah
Islam
“submitter” to Allah
Muslim
birthplace of Muhammad
Mecca
Muhammad’s flight to Medina
Hegira
Muslim holy book
Qur’an
“holy war”
jihad
first caliph
Abu Bakr
wife of Justinian
Theodora
“Bulgar Slayer”
Basil II (2nd)
missionary to the Slavic peoples
Methodius
Muslim poet
Omar Khayyam
Although Justinian is credited with taking the Byzantine Empire to its height, he also gets the blame for ___.
bringing it to financial ruin
Russia likely derived its name from the Slavic “Rus” meaning ___.
“rowers” or “seafarers”
Muslims claim the Qur’an is the record of Muhammad’s visions from ___.
Gabriel
