Final Exam Flashcards
German league that sought to control and organize trade in much of Northern Europe.
Hanseatic League
Primary centers of education during early Middle Ages.
Cathedrals and Monasteries
Intellectual movement during the Middle Ages
Scholasticism
Students of the middles ages choose schools according to what?
The Teachers
Medieval Science in the Middle Ages was filled with what?
Magic and Superstition
Art and architecture of the Middle Ages was most influenced by what?
The Church
Who stirred the French to nationalism and was burned at the stake?
Joan of Arc
Period where more than one pope claimed supremecy
Great Schism
Who’s purpose was to end the Great Schism?
Council of Constance
goods for goods
barter
charging interest for use of lent money
usury
What killed a large portion of population during the Middle Ages?
Black Plague
Who married to create Spain?
Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabelle of Castille
What 2 countries divided the world between themselves with the Line of Demarcation?
Spain and Portugal
Who discovered the Mississippi River?
de Soto
first great French explorer in the New World
Cartier
first permanent English settlement
Jamestown
What was the dominant economic system of the Age of Exploration?
mercantilism
fast vessel of the 15th century
caravel
term that describes a voyage around the earth
circumnavigation
Spanish conquerers
conquistadors
economic system that had the goal of advancing wealth through investment
capitalism
journeyed 4 years to get to China
Marco Polo
explored New York area for the Netherlands
Hudson
first to go around the Cape of Good Hope
Dias
explored the upper Mississippi River for France
Marquette and Joliet
the great god of Hinduism
Brahman
the belief that a man’s soul passes through many states (or rebirths) before it escapes the physical world
the wheel of life
Which Chinese teacher taught the importance of maintaining harmony and order in society by developing proper relationships?
Confucius
What were Japanese warriors called?
samurai
the greatest Mongol conquerer and founder of the Mongol dominance
Chinggis Khan
What is the dominant religion in India?
Hinduism
What are the rigid social divisions of India called?
castes
established the Mauryan Empire
Chandragupta
first shogun
Yoritomo
The most famous Renaissance patrons were members of which family?
Medici
the birthplace of the Renaissance
Florence
Which three Renaissance artists exemplify the best of the High Renaissance?
Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael
What Italian city, because of its beauty, pride, and wealth, became known as the Queen of the Adriatic?
Venice
What were the distortions found in Michelangelo’s Pietá?
Christ portrayed without disfigurement,
Mary’s too young to be mother of Christ,
Mary’s larger than life
The secular age of the Renaissance prepared the way for the ___.
Reformation
The Renaissance’s focus on man’s worth and capacities has been called what?
humanism
Renaissance is a French word meaning what?
rebirth
Which humanist wrote that a successful ruler uses force when necessary, for “it is much safer to be feared than loved?”
Machiavelli
Who invented moveable-type printing?
Gutenberg
Father of Humanism
Petrarch
Who painted the Sistine Chapel wall painting The Last Judgement?
Michelangelo
Who cast the first full-scale equestrian statue since Roman times?
Donatello
The country in which the Reformation began was ___.
Germany
While a priest, Luther discovered through studying Scripture that ___.
salvation is by faith
Religious groups who opposed infant baptism became known as ___.
Anabaptists
Thomas Cranmer’s book of Bible readings and prayers is known as the ___.
Book of Common Prayer
The Act of Supremacy in 1534 made the English monarch ___.
head of the church in England
The Protestants in England who wished to cleanse the Anglican Church of its Catholic practices were the ___.
Puritans
The St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre was the ___.
massacre of an estimated twenty thousand Huguenots
What was the purpose of the Jesuit order?
to suppress heresy and promote Catholic education
The Counter Reformation is connected with the ___.
Catholics
Who summoned Luther to the Diet of Worms?
Charles V
Who was condemned and burned at Constance?
Huss
sent out lay preachers called Lollards
Wycliffe
Who said, “Here I stand. I can do no other.”
Luther
founded the Society of Jesus
Loyola
helped found the Presbyterian Church in Scotland
Knox
What institution was the heart of medieval society?
the church
What term did the Roman Church apply to Bible characters or noteworthy Christians?
saint
The Middle Ages became known as an “age of faith” because ___.
religion dominated society,
the RCC held significant influence over people’s lives,
the few cultural achievements were due to the church
Which Catholic doctrine states that the wine and the bread become the body and the blood of Christ in the hands of the priest?
transubstantiation
What form of government prevailed in western Europe from the ninth to thirteenth centuries?
feudalism
What was the basis of wealth and power during the Feudal Age?
land ownership
The majority of those living on a manor were ___.
serfs
What is the Catholic term for a religious act that grants grace based on the recipients’ intentions?
sacrament
The Merovingian kings earned what nickname because of their lack of prestige and accomplishment?
the “do-nothing kings”
land grant
fief
landholding noble
lord
system of granting protection in return for services
feudalism
Which pope unsuccessfully opposed the French king for taxing the clergy?
Boniface VIII
the selling of church offices
simony
What established the principle that the king’s power is limited?
Magna Carta
Parliament was able to serve as a check on the king’s power by asserting its ___.
power of the purse
Which pope called the First Crusade in 1095?
Urban II
Which of the Crusades was the most successful?
First Crusade
Which king did not participate in the King’s Crusade?
Canute of Denmark
The Fourth Crusade ended with the capture of which city?
Constantinople
Who was forced to sign the Magna Carta?
John
the appointment of clergymen to positions of authority by kings and nobles
lay investiture
groups that supported their monastery by begging
mendicant orders
act of depriving an individual of the sacraments and church fellowship
excommunication
a church court
Inquisition
term whose root means “cross”
Crusades
