Chapter 10

Question 1

became the new center of economic trade

Answer 1

manors

Question 2

to exchange goods for goods

Answer 2

barter

Question 3

controlled Mediterranean trade

Answer 3

Italy

Question 4

There were three main routes, what was the Northern route known as?

Answer 4

the Silk Road

Question 5

became primary centers for trade on the local level

Answer 5

markets

Question 6

What were serfs now allowed to do?

Answer 6

produce extra goods and sell them for profit

Question 7

What was bartering replaced by?

Answer 7

money

Question 8

evaluated and exchanged money

Answer 8

moneychangers

Question 9

Who shaped economic ideas?

Answer 9

the church

Question 10

price that included the cost of materials, a fair return for labor expended and a reasonable profit

Answer 10

just price

Question 11

the practice of charging interest for the use of lent money

Answer 11

usury

Question 12

___ grew in importance at the markets and trade fairs throughout Europe.

Answer 12

Moneychangers

Question 13

place where privileges granted to a town were recorded

Answer 13

charter

Question 14

___ were important centers of exchange.

Answer 14

Towns

Question 15

organizations that formed to regulate the business activities of a town

Answer 15

guilds

Question 16

What were the craft guild members from lowest to highest?

Answer 16

apprentices, journeymen, masters

Question 17

Germans that sought to control and organize trade in northern Europe

Answer 17

Hanseatic League

Question 18

What new social class emerged?

Answer 18

the Middle class

Question 19

killed a large portion of Europe’s population in the Late Middle Ages

Answer 19

The Black Death/ plague

Question 20

What factors contributed to the decline of the feudal system?

Answer 20

Crusades,
the rise of the middle class,
fair trade

Question 21

the center of activity within towns

Answer 21

Town Squares

Question 22

What caused disease and epidemics to spread rapidly?

Answer 22

poor sanitation

Question 23

Describe most towns.

Answer 23

small & enclosed by walls

Question 24

the primary centers of education

Answer 24

Monasteries and Cathedrals

Question 25

What did students of the Middle Ages chose schools based on?

Answer 25

their teacher's qualifications

Question 26

two of the earliest universities

Answer 26

Bologna, Italy & Paris

Question 27

Students at ___ formed ___ to make sure that the teachers provided the education that they were paying for.

Answer 27

Bologna | a guild

Question 28

intellectual movement characterized by a renewed interest in theology and philosophy

Answer 28

scholasticism

Question 29

archbishop of Canterbury and a scholastic thinker, believed that Christians should use reason to better understand God's revelation and His existence

Answer 29

Anselm

Question 30

showed foresight in technological predictions

Answer 30

Roger Bacon

Question 31

Scholasticism reached it's height under ___.

Answer 31

Thomas Aquinas

Question 32

Who were the three main scholars?

Answer 32

Anselm Peter Abelard Thomas Aquinas

Question 33

Medieval Science relied heavily on ___ and ___.

Answer 33

magic | superstition

Question 34

wrote about Pilgrims traveling to Becket's shrine (this gave a good picture of medieval life)

Answer 34

Chaucer

Question 35

common spoken language

Answer 35

Vernacular

Question 36

traveled from castle to castle singing their songs of love and adventure to noblemen and their ladies

Answer 36

troubadours

Question 37

Who were the two greatest writers of the late medieval period?

Answer 37

Dante | Chaucer

Question 38

wrote about an imaginary journey through hell, purgatory, and paradise

Answer 38

Dante

Question 39

Art and architecture were most influenced by ___.

Answer 39

the church

Question 40

"Roman like", most preferred architectural style in Europe

Answer 40

Romanesque

Question 41

a new form of architecture that devised a way to support stone vaults and ceilings by the use of "flying" or external buttresses

Answer 41

Gothic

Question 42

___ and ___ were credited with writing medieval hymns.

Answer 42

Francis of Assisi | Bernard of Clairvaux

Question 43

developed in the late Middle ages as people became more aware of common traditions and language

Answer 43

Nation-states

Question 44

a long struggle between England and France that lasted from 1337-1453

Answer 44

Hundred Years' War

Question 45

What were the causes of the Hundred Years' War?

Answer 45

1. English holdings in France | 2. Refusal to give the throne to Edward III

Question 46

The ___ won several victories in the Hundred Years' War. Ultimately the ___ won the war.

Answer 46

English | French

Question 47

a battle in the Hundred Years' War

Answer 47

the Battle of Crecy

Question 48

stirred French nationalism

Answer 48

Joan of Arc

Question 49

Civil war that broke out in England as a consequence of the Hundred Years' War

Answer 49

the War of the Roses

Question 50

Which houses were involved in the War of the Roses? What were their symbols?

Answer 50

House of York (white rose) | House of Lancaster (red rose)

Question 51

How was the War of Roses ended?

Answer 51

Henry Tudor (Lancaster) defeated Richard III (York) at the Battle of Bosworth Field.

Question 52

founded the powerful Tudor Dynasty

Answer 52

King Henry VII | Henry Tudor

Question 53

Spanish Muslims

Answer 53

The Moors

Question 54

Who sought to drive out the Moors from the Iberian Peninsula? What was this movement called?

Answer 54

The Spanish & Portuguese | the Reconquista

Question 55

How was the nation of Spain created?

Answer 55

Ferdinand married Isabella

Question 56

What ended German influence in Italy?

Answer 56

the collapse of the Hohenstaufen House

Question 57

heir to the throne of Castile

Answer 57

Isabella

Question 58

the German constitution

Answer 58

the Golden Bull

Question 59

the German equivalent of Parliament & Estates-General

Answer 59

the Diet

Question 60

heir to the throne of Argon

Answer 60

Ferdinand

Question 61

now occupied the Holy Roman Empire and ruled until after World War I

Answer 61

the Habsburg family

Question 62

established the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire

Answer 62

the German constitution | the Golden Bull

Question 63

was burned at the stake (accused of being a witch)

Answer 63

Joan of Arc

Question 64

The War of the Roses enabled the king of ___ to levy a heavy land tax called a ___.

Answer 64

France | taille

Question 65

The ___ had lost its hold on the kings of Europe and its position of leadership in the church.

Answer 65

Roman Church

Question 66

___ would not submit to ___'s demands and was then challenged by ___.

Answer 66

Pope Boniface VIII Philip IV Philip IV

Question 67

Papal capital was moved from ___ to ___. All popes reside there from 1309-1377. What did this period become known as?

Answer 67

Rome Avignon, France the Babylonian Captivity of the Church/ the Avignon Exile

Question 68

a period in which two popes ruled (one from Rome & one from Avignon)

Answer 68

Great Schism

Question 69

a council that healed the schism and restored the pope to Rome

Answer 69

Council of Constance