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World History 1 / Bible 9 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

became the new center of economic trade

A

manors

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2
Q

to exchange goods for goods

A

barter

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3
Q

controlled Mediterranean trade

A

Italy

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4
Q

There were three main routes, what was the Northern route known as?

A

the Silk Road

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5
Q

became primary centers for trade on the local level

A

markets

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6
Q

What were serfs now allowed to do?

A

produce extra goods and sell them for profit

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7
Q

What was bartering replaced by?

A

money

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8
Q

evaluated and exchanged money

A

moneychangers

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9
Q

Who shaped economic ideas?

A

the church

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10
Q

price that included the cost of materials, a fair return for labor expended and a reasonable profit

A

just price

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11
Q

the practice of charging interest for the use of lent money

A

usury

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12
Q

___ grew in importance at the markets and trade fairs throughout Europe.

A

Moneychangers

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13
Q

place where privileges granted to a town were recorded

A

charter

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14
Q

___ were important centers of exchange.

A

Towns

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15
Q

organizations that formed to regulate the business activities of a town

A

guilds

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16
Q

What were the craft guild members from lowest to highest?

A

apprentices, journeymen, masters

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17
Q

Germans that sought to control and organize trade in northern Europe

A

Hanseatic League

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18
Q

What new social class emerged?

A

the Middle class

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19
Q

killed a large portion of Europe’s population in the Late Middle Ages

A

The Black Death/ plague

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20
Q

What factors contributed to the decline of the feudal system?

A

Crusades,
the rise of the middle class,
fair trade

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21
Q

the center of activity within towns

A

Town Squares

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22
Q

What caused disease and epidemics to spread rapidly?

A

poor sanitation

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23
Q

Describe most towns.

A

small & enclosed by walls

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24
Q

the primary centers of education

A

Monasteries and Cathedrals

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25
Q

What did students of the Middle Ages chose schools based on?

A

their teacher’s qualifications

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26
Q

two of the earliest universities

A

Bologna, Italy & Paris

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27
Q

Students at ___ formed ___ to make sure that the teachers provided the education that they were paying for.

A

Bologna

a guild

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28
Q

intellectual movement characterized by a renewed interest in theology and philosophy

A

scholasticism

29
Q

archbishop of Canterbury and a scholastic thinker, believed that Christians should use reason to better understand God’s revelation and His existence

A

Anselm

30
Q

showed foresight in technological predictions

A

Roger Bacon

31
Q

Scholasticism reached it’s height under ___.

A

Thomas Aquinas

32
Q

Who were the three main scholars?

A

Anselm
Peter Abelard
Thomas Aquinas

33
Q

Medieval Science relied heavily on ___ and ___.

A

magic

superstition

34
Q

wrote about Pilgrims traveling to Becket’s shrine (this gave a good picture of medieval life)

A

Chaucer

35
Q

common spoken language

A

Vernacular

36
Q

traveled from castle to castle singing their songs of love and adventure to noblemen and their ladies

A

troubadours

37
Q

Who were the two greatest writers of the late medieval period?

A

Dante

Chaucer

38
Q

wrote about an imaginary journey through hell, purgatory, and paradise

A

Dante

39
Q

Art and architecture were most influenced by ___.

A

the church

40
Q

“Roman like”, most preferred architectural style in Europe

A

Romanesque

41
Q

a new form of architecture that devised a way to support stone vaults and ceilings by the use of “flying” or external buttresses

A

Gothic

42
Q

___ and ___ were credited with writing medieval hymns.

A

Francis of Assisi

Bernard of Clairvaux

43
Q

developed in the late Middle ages as people became more aware of common traditions and language

A

Nation-states

44
Q

a long struggle between England and France that lasted from 1337-1453

A

Hundred Years’ War

45
Q

What were the causes of the Hundred Years’ War?

A
  1. English holdings in France

2. Refusal to give the throne to Edward III

46
Q

The ___ won several victories in the Hundred Years’ War. Ultimately the ___ won the war.

A

English

French

47
Q

a battle in the Hundred Years’ War

A

the Battle of Crecy

48
Q

stirred French nationalism

A

Joan of Arc

49
Q

Civil war that broke out in England as a consequence of the Hundred Years’ War

A

the War of the Roses

50
Q

Which houses were involved in the War of the Roses? What were their symbols?

A

House of York (white rose)

House of Lancaster (red rose)

51
Q

How was the War of Roses ended?

A

Henry Tudor (Lancaster) defeated Richard III (York) at the Battle of Bosworth Field.

52
Q

founded the powerful Tudor Dynasty

A

King Henry VII

Henry Tudor

53
Q

Spanish Muslims

A

The Moors

54
Q

Who sought to drive out the Moors from the Iberian Peninsula? What was this movement called?

A

The Spanish & Portuguese

the Reconquista

55
Q

How was the nation of Spain created?

A

Ferdinand married Isabella

56
Q

What ended German influence in Italy?

A

the collapse of the Hohenstaufen House

57
Q

heir to the throne of Castile

A

Isabella

58
Q

the German constitution

A

the Golden Bull

59
Q

the German equivalent of Parliament & Estates-General

A

the Diet

60
Q

heir to the throne of Argon

A

Ferdinand

61
Q

now occupied the Holy Roman Empire and ruled until after World War I

A

the Habsburg family

62
Q

established the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire

A

the German constitution

the Golden Bull

63
Q

was burned at the stake (accused of being a witch)

A

Joan of Arc

64
Q

The War of the Roses enabled the king of ___ to levy a heavy land tax called a ___.

A

France

taille

65
Q

The ___ had lost its hold on the kings of Europe and its position of leadership in the church.

A

Roman Church

66
Q

___ would not submit to ___’s demands and was then challenged by ___.

A

Pope Boniface VIII
Philip IV
Philip IV

67
Q

Papal capital was moved from ___ to ___. All popes reside there from 1309-1377. What did this period become known as?

A

Rome
Avignon, France
the Babylonian Captivity of the Church/ the Avignon Exile

68
Q

a period in which two popes ruled (one from Rome & one from Avignon)

A

Great Schism

69
Q

a council that healed the schism and restored the pope to Rome

A

Council of Constance

World History 1 / Bible 9 (12 decks)

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