Midterm Review Questions Chapters: 17, 53, 54 Flashcards
chapter 17 - fluid, electrolytes, acid-base; chapter 53 - DM; chapter 54 - endocrine
Which information provided by a nurse to a patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is accurate?
a. Insulin is not used to control glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes.
b. Complications of type 2 diabetes are less serious than those of type 1 diabetes.
c. Changes in diet and exercise may control glucose levels with type 2 diabetes.
d. Type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed when a patient is admitted in hyperglycemic
coma.
c. Changes in diet and exercise may control glucose levels with type 2 diabetes.
A patient screened for diabetes at a clinic has a fasting plasma glucose level of 120 mg/dL (6.7 mmol/L). Which information will the nurse plan to teach the patient?
a. Self-monitoring of glucose
b. Using small doses of regular insulin
c. Lifestyle changes to lower the glucose
d. Effects of oral hypoglycemic medications
c. Lifestyle changes to lower the glucose
A 28-yr-old male patient with type 1 diabetes reports how he manages his exercise and glucose control. Which behavior indicates a need for the nurse to implement additional teaching?
a. The patient always carries hard candies when engaging in exercise.
b. The patient goes for a vigorous walk when his glucose is 200 mg/dL.
c. The patient has a peanut butter sandwich before going for a bicycle ride.
d. The patient increases daily exercise when ketones are present in the urine.
d. The patient increases daily exercise when ketones are present in the urine.
The nurse is assessing a 22-yr-old patient experiencing the onset of symptoms of type 1 diabetes. Which finding would the nurse anticipate?
a. Anorexia
b. Weight loss
c. Dark colored urine
d. Craving sugary drinks
b. Weight loss
A patient with type 2 diabetes is scheduled for a follow-up visit in the clinic several months from now. Which test will the nurse schedule to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for the patient?
a. Fasting blood glucose
b. Glycosylated hemoglobin
c. Oral glucose tolerance test
d. Urine dipstick for glucose and ketones
b. Glycosylated hemoglobin
The nurse is assessing a 55-yr-old female patient with type 2 diabetes who has a body mass index (BMI) of 32 kg/m 2. Which goal in the plan of care is most important for this patient?
a. The patient will reach a glycosylated hemoglobin level of less than 7%.
b. The patient will follow a diet and exercise plan that results in weight loss.
c. The patient will choose a diet that distributes calories throughout the day.
d. The patient will state the reasons for eliminating simple sugars in the diet.
a. The patient will reach a glycosylated hemoglobin level of less than 7%.
A patient who has type 1 diabetes plans to swim laps for an hour daily at 1:00 PM. Which advice would the clinic nurse plan to give the patient?
a. Increase the morning dose of NPH insulin (Novolin N).
b. Check glucose level before, during, and after swimming.
c. Time the morning insulin injection to peak while swimming.
d. Delay eating the noon meal until after finishing the swimming.
b. Check glucose level before, during, and after swimming.
Which statement by the person who has newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes indicates a need for additional instruction from the nurse?
a. “I will need a bedtime snack because I take an evening dose of NPH insulin.”
b. “I can choose any foods, as long as I use enough insulin to cover the calories.”
c. “I can have an occasional beverage with alcohol if I include it in my meal plan.”
d. “I will eat something at meal times to prevent hypoglycemia, even if I am not hungry.”
b. “I can choose any foods, as long as I use enough insulin to cover the calories.”
Which nursing action is most important in assisting an older patient who has diabetes to engage in moderate daily exercise?
a. Determine what types of activities the patient enjoys.
b. Remind the patient that exercise improves self-esteem.
c. Teach the patient about the effects of exercise on glucose level.
d. Give the patient a list of activities that are moderate in intensity.
a. Determine what types of activities the patient enjoys.
Which patient statement to the nurse indicates a need for additional instruction in administering insulin?
a. “I should inject the insulin into a muscle that I plan to exercise vigorously.”
b. “I can buy the 0.5-mL syringes because the line markings are easier to see.”
c. “I do not need to aspirate the plunger to check for blood before injecting insulin.”
d. “I should draw up the regular insulin first, after injecting air into the NPH bottle.”
a. “I should inject the insulin into a muscle that I plan to exercise vigorously.”
Which patient action indicates accurate understanding of the nurse’s teaching about administration of aspart (NovoLog) insulin?
a. The patient cleans the skin with soap and water before the injection.
b. The patient avoids injecting the insulin into the upper abdominal area.
c. The patient stores the insulin in the freezer between prescribed doses.
d. The patient pushes the plunger down while removing the syringe from the injection site.
a. The patient cleans the skin with soap and water before the injection.
A patient receives aspart (NovoLog) insulin at 8:00 AM. At which time would the nurse anticipate the highest risk for hypoglycemia?
a. 10:00 AM
b. 12:00 AM
c. 2:00 PM
d. 4:00 PM
a. 10:00 AM
Which patient action indicates an accurate understanding of the nurse’s teaching about the use of an insulin pump?
a. The patient programs the pump for an insulin bolus after eating.
b. The patient changes the location of the insertion site every week.
c. The patient takes the pump off at bedtime and restarts it each morning.
d. The patient plans a diet with more calories than usual when using the pump.
a. The patient programs the pump for an insulin bolus after eating.
A patient who has diabetes is starting on intensive insulin therapy. Which type of insulin will the nurse explain for mealtime coverage?
a. Lispro (Humalog)
b. Glargine (Lantus)
c. Detemir (Levemir)
d. NPH (Humulin N)
a. Lispro (Humalog)
Which information about glyburide would the nurse include when teaching a patient who has type 2 diabetes?
a. Glyburide decreases glucagon secretion from the pancreas.
b. Glyburide stimulates insulin production and release from the pancreas.
c. Glyburide should be taken even if the morning glucose level is low.
d. Glyburide should not be used for 48 hours after receiving IV contrast media.
b. Glyburide stimulates insulin production and release from the pancreas.
The nurse has been teaching a patient who has type 2 diabetes about managing glucose levels and taking glipizide (Glucotrol). Which patient statement indicates a need for additional teaching?
a. “If I overeat at a meal, I will still take the usual dose of medication.”
b. “Other medications besides the Glucotrol may affect my blood sugar.”
c. “When I am ill, I may have to take insulin to control my blood sugar.”
d. “My diabetes won’t cause complications because I don’t need insulin.”
d. “My diabetes won’t cause complications because I don’t need insulin.”
A patient who takes metformin (Glucophage) to manage type 2 diabetes developed an allergic rash from an unknown cause and the health care provider prescribed prednisone. Which change in the plan of care at would the nurse anticipate?
a. The patient may need a diet higher in calories while receiving prednisone.
b. The patient may develop acute hypoglycemia while taking the prednisone.
c. The patient may require administration of insulin while taking prednisone.
d. The patient may have rashes caused by metformin-prednisone interactions.
c. The patient may require administration of insulin while taking prednisone.
A hospitalized patient who has diabetes received 38 U of NPH insulin at 7:00 AM. At 1:00 PM, the patient has been away from the nursing unit for 2 hours, missing the lunch delivery while awaiting a chest x-ray. Which nursing action would be the best way to prevent the patient from experiencing hypoglycemia?
a. Plan to decrease the evening dose of insulin.
b. Save the lunch tray for the patient’s later return.
c. Request that if testing is further delayed, the patient must eat lunch first.
d. Send a glass of orange juice to the patient in the diagnostic testing area.
c. Request that if testing is further delayed, the patient must eat lunch first.
Which action by the patient who is self-monitoring blood glucose indicates a need for additional teaching?
a. Washes the puncture site using warm water and soap.
b. Chooses a puncture site in the center of the finger pad.
c. Hangs the arm down for a minute before puncturing the site.
d. Says the result of 120 mg indicates “good blood sugar” control.
b. Chooses a puncture site in the center of the finger pad.
The nurse is preparing to teach a 43-yr-old man who is newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes about home management of the disease. Which action would the nurse take first?
a. Assess the patient’s perception of what it means to have diabetes.
b. Ask the patient’s family to participate in the diabetes education program.
c. Demonstrate how to check glucose using the patient’s blood glucose monitor.
d. Discuss the need for the patient to actively participate in diabetes management.
a. Assess the patient’s perception of what it means to have diabetes.
An unresponsive patient who has type 2 diabetes is brought to the emergency department and diagnosed with hyperosmolar hyperglycemia syndrome (HHS). Which action would the nurse anticipate taking?
a. Giving 50% dextrose
b. Inserting an IV catheter
c. Initiating O2 by nasal cannula
d. Administering glargine (Lantus) insulin
b. Inserting an IV catheter
A 26-yr-old female who has type 1 diabetes develops a sore throat and runny nose after caring for her sick toddler. The patient calls the clinic for advice about her symptoms and reports a glucose level of 210 mg/dL despite taking her usual glargine (Lantus) and lispro (Humalog) insulin. Which action would the nurse advise the patient to take?
a. Use only the lispro insulin until the symptoms are resolved.
b. Limit intake of calories until the glucose is less than 120 mg/dL.
c. Monitor blood glucose every 4 hours and contact the clinic if it rises.
d. Decrease carbohydrates until glycosylated hemoglobin is less than 7%.
c. Monitor blood glucose every 4 hours and contact the clinic if it rises.
The health care provider suspects the Somogyi effect in a 50-yr-old patient whose 6 AM glucose is 230 mg/dL. Which action would the nurse teach the patient to take?
a. Check the glucose during the night.
b. Avoid snacking right before bedtime.
c. Increase the rapid-acting insulin dose.
d. Administer a larger dose of long-acting insulin.
a. Check the glucose during the night.
Which action would the nurse take after a patient treated with intramuscular glucagon for hypoglycemia regains consciousness?
a. Assess the patient for symptoms of hyperglycemia.
b. Give the patient a snack of peanut butter and crackers.
c. Have the patient drink a glass of orange juice or nonfat milk.
d. Administer a continuous infusion of 5% dextrose for 24 hours.
b. Give the patient a snack of peanut butter and crackers.
Which information would the nurse include in teaching a patient who has peripheral arterial disease, type 2 diabetes, and sensory neuropathy of the feet and legs?
a. Choose flat-soled leather shoes.
b. Set heating pads on a low temperature.
c. Use a callus remover for corns or calluses.
d. Soak feet in warm water for an hour each day.
a. Choose flat-soled leather shoes.
Which finding indicates a need to contact the health care provider before the nurse administers metformin (Glucophage)?
a. The patient’s glucose level is 174 mg/dL.
b. The patient is scheduled for a chest x-ray in an hour.
c. The patient has gained 2 lb (0.9 kg) in the past 24 hours.
d. The patient’s estimated glomerular filtration rate is 42 mL/min.
d. The patient’s estimated glomerular filtration rate is 42 mL/min.
A patient who has diabetes and reports burning foot pain at night receives a new prescription. Which information would the nurse teach the patient about the purpose of amitriptyline?
a. Amitriptyline decreases the depression caused by your foot pain.
b. Amitriptyline helps prevent transmission of pain impulses to the brain.
c. Amitriptyline corrects some of the blood vessel changes that cause pain.
d. Amitriptyline improves sleep and makes you less aware of nighttime pain.
b. Amitriptyline helps prevent transmission of pain impulses to the brain.
A patient who has type 2 diabetes is being prepared for an elective coronary angiogram. Which information would the nurse anticipate might lead to rescheduling the test?
a. The patient’s glucose is 128 mg/dL.
b. The patient’s most recent A1C was 7.5%.
c. The patient took the prescribed metformin today.
d. The patient took the prescribed enalapril 4 hours ago.
c. The patient took the prescribed metformin today.
Which action by a patient indicates that the home health nurse’s teaching about glargine and regular insulin has been successful?
a. The patient administers the glargine 30 minutes before each meal.
b. The patient’s family prefills the syringes with the mix of insulins weekly.
c. The patient discards the open vials of glargine and regular insulin after 4 weeks.
d. The patient draws up the regular insulin and then the glargine in the same syringe.
c. The patient discards the open vials of glargine and regular insulin after 4 weeks.
A patient with diabetes rides a bicycle to and from work every day. Which site would the nurse teach the patient to use to administer the morning insulin?
a. Thigh
b. Buttock
c. Abdomen
d. Upper arm
c. Abdomen
The nurse is taking a health history from a 29-yr-old patient at the first prenatal visit. The patient reports that she has no personal history of diabetes, but her mother has diabetes. Which action will the nurse plan to take?
a. Schedule the patient for a fasting glucose level.
b. Teach the patient about administering regular insulin.
c. Teach about an increased risk for fetal problems with gestational diabetes.
d. Schedule an oral glucose tolerance test for the twenty-fourth week of pregnancy.
a. Schedule the patient for a fasting glucose level.
A 27-yr-old patient admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has a serum glucose level of 732 mg/dL and serum potassium level of 3.1 mEq/L. Which action prescribed by the health care provider would the nurse implement first?
a. Place the patient on a cardiac monitor.
b. Administer IV potassium supplements.
c. Ask the patient about home insulin doses.
d. Start an insulin infusion at 0.1 units/kg/hr.
a. Place the patient on a cardiac monitor.
A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis is brought to the emergency department. Which prescribed action would the nurse implement first?
a. Infuse 1L of normal saline rapidly.
b. Give sodium bicarbonate 50 mEq IV push.
c. Administer regular insulin 10 U by IV push.
d. Start a regular insulin infusion at 0.1 units/kg/hr.
a. Infuse 1L of normal saline rapidly.
A patient who was admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis secondary to a urinary tract infection has been weaned off an insulin drip 30 minutes ago. The patient reports feeling lightheaded and sweaty. Which action would the nurse take first?
a. Infuse dextrose 50% by slow IV push.
b. Administer 1 mg glucagon subcutaneously.
c. Obtain a glucose reading using a finger stick.
d. Have the patient drink 4 ounces of orange juice.
c. Obtain a glucose reading using a finger stick.
An active 32-yr-old male who has type 1 diabetes is being seen in the endocrine clinic. Which finding indicates a need for the nurse to discuss a possible a change in therapy with the health care provider?
a. Hemoglobin A1C level of 6.2%
b. Heart rate at rest of 58 beats/min
c. Blood pressure of 140/88 mmHg
d. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) level of 65 mg/dL
c. Blood pressure of 140/88 mmHg
A 30-yr-old patient has a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. When would the nurse recommend the patient schedule a dilated eye examination?
a. Every 2 years
b. Every 6 months
c. As soon as available
d. At the age of 39 years
c. As soon as available
A few weeks after an 82-yr-old patient with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes has been placed on metformin (Glucophage) therapy, the home health nurse makes a visit. Which finding would the nurse promptly discuss with the health care provider?
a. Hemoglobin A1C level is 7.9%.
b. Glomerular filtration rate is decreased.
c. Last eye examination was 18 months ago.
d. Patient has questions about the prescribed diet.
b. Glomerular filtration rate is decreased.
The nurse has administered 4 oz of orange juice to an alert patient whose glucose was 62 mg/dL. Fifteen minutes later, the glucose is 67 mg/dL. Which action would the nurse take next?
a. Give the patient 4 to 6 oz more orange juice.
b. Administer the PRN glucagon (Glucagon) 1 mg IM.
c. Have the patient eat some peanut butter with crackers.
d. Notify the health care provider about the hypoglycemia.
a. Give the patient 4 to 6 oz more orange juice.
Which nursing action can the nurse delegate to experienced assistive personnel (AP) who are working in the diabetic clinic?
a. Measure the ankle-brachial index.
b. Check for changes in skin pigmentation.
c. Assess for unilateral or bilateral foot drop.
d. Ask the patient about symptoms of depression.
a. Measure the ankle-brachial index.
After change-of-shift report, which patient will the nurse assess first?
a. A 19-yr-old patient with type 1 diabetes who was admitted with dawn
phenomenon
b. A 60-yr-old patient with type 1 diabetes whose most recent glucose reading was 230 mg/dL
c. A 68-yr-old patient with type 2 diabetes who has severe peripheral neuropathy and reports burning foot pain
d. A 35-yr-old patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome who has poor skin turgor and dry oral mucosa
d. A 35-yr-old patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome who has poor skin turgor and dry oral mucosa
After change-of-shift report, which patient would the nurse assess first?
a. A 19-yr-old patient with type 1 diabetes who has a hemoglobin A1C of 12%
b. A 23-yr-old patient with type 1 diabetes who has a glucose of 40 mg/dL
c. A 50-yr-old patient who uses exenatide and is reporting acute abdominal pain
d. A 40-yr-old patient who is pregnant and whose oral glucose tolerance test is 202 mg/dL
b. A 23-yr-old patient with type 1 diabetes who has a glucose of 40 mg/dL
To monitor for complications in a patient with type 2 diabetes, which tests will the nurse in the diabetic clinic schedule at least annually? (SATA)
a. Chest x-ray
b. Blood pressure
c. Serum creatinine
d. Urine for microalbuminuria
e. Complete blood count (CBC)
f. Monofilament testing of the foot
b. Blood pressure
c. Serum creatinine
d. Urine for microalbuminuria
f. Monofilament testing of the foot
Which assessment action would help the nurse determine if an obese patient has metabolic syndrome?
a. Take the patient’s apical pulse.
b. Check the patient’s blood pressure.
c. Ask the patient about dietary intake.
d. Dipstick the patient’s urine for protein.
b. Check the patient’s blood pressure.