Chapter 47: Lower GI Problems Flashcards
Diarrhea/constipation, Inflammation, Diverticuluits, Celiac Disease
The most appropriate therapy for a patient with acute diarrhea caused by a viral infection is to:
a. increase fluid intake
b. administer an antibiotic
c. administer an antimotility drug
d. quarantine the patient to prevent spread of the virus
a. increase fluid intake
A 35-year-old female patient is admitted to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain. Which medical diagnoses should you consider as possible causes of her pain? (SATA)
a. gastroenteritis
b. ectopic pregnancy
c. GI bleeding
d. irritable bowel syndrome
e. inflammatory bowel disease
all of the choices are correct
In planning care for the patient with Crohn’s disease, the nurse recognizes that a major difference between ulcerative colitis and Chron’s disease is that Crohn’s disease:
a. often results in toxic megacolon
b. causes fewer nutrition deficiencies than ulcerative colitis
c. often recurs after surgery, while ulcerative colitis is curable with a colectomy
d. is manifested by rectal bleeding and anemia more often than is ulcerative colitis
c. often recurs after surgery, while ulcerative colitis is curable with a colectomy
In contrast to diverticulitis, the patient with diverticulosis:
a. has rectal bleeding
b. often has no symptoms
c. usually develops peritonitis
d. has localized cramping pain
b. often has no symptoms
The nurse determines that the goals of diet teaching have been met when the patient with celiac disease selects from the menu:
a. scrambled eggs and sausage
b. buckwheat pancakes with syrup
c. oatmeal, skim milk, and orange juice
d. yogurt, strawberries, and rye toast with butter
a. scrambled eggs and sausage
A 74-yr-old male patient tells the nurse that growing old causes constipation, so he has been using a suppository to prevent constipation every morning. Which action would the nurse take first?
a. Encourage the patient to increase oral fluid intake.
b. Question the patient about risk factors for constipation.
c. Suggest that the patient increase intake of high-fiber foods.
d. Teach the patient that a daily bowel movement is unnecessary.
b. Question the patient about risk factors for constipation.
A patient who has chronic constipation asks the nurse about the use of psyllium (Metamucil).
Which information would the nurse provide?
a. Fiber-containing laxatives may reduce the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
b. Dietary sources of fiber should be eliminated to prevent excessive gas formation.
c. Use of this type of laxative to prevent constipation does not cause adverse effects.
d. Large amounts of fluid should be taken to prevent impaction or bowel obstruction.
d. Large amounts of fluid should be taken to prevent impaction or bowel obstruction.
A 26-year-old woman is being evaluated for vomiting and abdominal pain. Which question from the nurse will be most useful in determining the cause of the patient‘s symptoms?
a. “What type of foods do you eat?”
b. “Is it possible that you are pregnant?”
c. “Can you tell me more about the pain?”
d. “What is your usual elimination pattern?”
c. “Can you tell me more about the pain?”
A patient reports gas pains and abdominal distention 2 days after a small bowel resection.
Which action would the nurse take?
a. Administer morphine sulfate.
b. Encourage the patient to ambulate.
c. Offer the prescribed promethazine.
d. Instill a mineral oil retention enema.
b. Encourage the patient to ambulate.
A young adult patient is admitted to the hospital for evaluation of right lower quadrant abdominal pain with nausea and vomiting. Which action would the nurse take?
a. Assist the patient to cough and deep breathe.
b. Palpate the abdomen for rebound tenderness.
c. Suggest the patient lie on the side, flexing the right leg.
d. Encourage the patient to sip clear, noncarbonated liquids.
c. Suggest the patient lie on the side, flexing the right leg.
Which action will the nurse include in the plan of care for a 25-yr-old male patient with a new diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
a. Encourage the patient to express concerns and ask questions about IBS.
b. Suggest that the patient increase the intake of milk and other dairy products.
c. Teach the patient to avoid using nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
d. Teach the patient about the use of alosetron (Lotronex) to reduce IBS symptoms.
a. Encourage the patient to express concerns and ask questions about IBS.
Which nursing action will the nurse include in the plan of care for a patient admitted with an exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?
a. Restrict IV fluid intake.
b. Monitor stools for blood.
c. Ambulate six times daily.
d. Increase dietary fiber intake.
b. Monitor stools for blood.
A 22-year-old female patient with an exacerbation of ulcerative colitis is having 15 to 20 stools daily and has excoriated perianal skin. Which patient behavior indicates that the nurse‘s teaching about skin integrity has been effective?
a. The patient uses incontinence briefs to contain loose stools.
b. The patient uses witch hazel compresses to soothe irritation.
c. The patient asks for antidiarrheal medication after each stool.
d. The patient cleans the perianal area with soap after each stool.
b. The patient uses witch hazel compresses to soothe irritation.
Which diet choice by the patient with an acute exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) indicates a need for more teaching?
a. Scrambled eggs
b. White toast and jam
c. Oatmeal with cream
d. Pancakes with syrup
c. Oatmeal with cream
After having frequent diarrhea and a weight loss of 10 lb (4.5 kg) over 2 months, a patient has a new diagnosis of Crohn‘s disease. What would the nurse plan to teach the patient?
a. Medication use
b. Fluid restriction
c. Enteral nutrition
d. Activity restrictions
a. Medication use
