Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUR243 - Medical-Surgical II > Chapter 17: Focused Review on Electrolyte Lab Values > Flashcards

Chapter 17: Focused Review on Electrolyte Lab Values Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

bicarbonate range

A

22-26 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

chloride range

A

98-106 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

phosphate range

A

3.0-4.5 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

calcium range

A

9.0-10.5 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

magnesium range

A

1.3-2.1 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

potassium range

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

sodium range

A

136-145 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

__________ leaves the body through urine, sweat, and feces.

a. calcium
b. sodium
c. potassium
d. magnesium

A

b. sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hypernatremia lab value

A

> 145 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which lab values can occur with inadequate water intake, excess water loss, or, rarely, sodium gain?

a. hypercalcemia
b. hypernatremia
c. hyperkalemia
d. hyperphosphatemia

A

b. hypernatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

the result of water shifting out of cells into ECF with resultant dehydration and shrinkage of the cells

a. hypernatremia
b. hyperkalemia
c. hyperphosphatemia
d. hypercalcemia

A

a. hypernatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

  • change in mental status
  • postural hypotension
  • tachycardia
  • weakness

a. hyperkalemia
b. hyperphosphatemia
c. hypercalcemia
d. hypernatremia

A

d. hypernatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

MANIFESTATIONS

  • agitation, restlessness, twitching, seizures, coma
  • edema, peripheral, and pulmonary
  • intense thirst, flushed skin
  • weight gain, increased BP, increased CVP

a. hypercalcemia
b. hyperphosphatemia
c. hypernatremia
d. hyperkalemia

A

c. hypernatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

hyponatremia lab value

A

< 136 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

MANIFESTATIONS

  • apprehension, irritability, confusion, dizziness, personality changes, tremors, seizures, coma
  • cold and clammy skin
  • dry mucous membranes
  • postural hypotension, decreased CVP, decreased jugular venous filling, tachycardia, thread pulse

a. hyponatremia
b. hypomagnesemia
c. hypocalcemia
d. hypophosphatemia

A

a. hyponatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hyperkalemia lab value

A

> 5.0 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

  • abdominal cramping, diarrhea, vomiting
  • confusion
  • fatigue, irritability
  • irregular pulse
  • loss of muscle tone
  • muscle weakness, cramps
  • paresthesias, decreased reflexes
  • tetany

a. hypernatremia
b. hypermagnesemia
c. hyperkalemia
d. hypercalcemia

A

c. hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

hypokalemia lab value

A

< 3.5 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

  • constipation, nausea, paralytic ileus
  • fatigue
  • hyperglycemia
  • irregular, weak pulse
  • muscles soft, flabby
  • muscle weakness, leg cramps
  • paresthesias, decreased reflexes
  • shallow respirations

a. hypokalemia
b. hypophosphatemia
c. hyponatremia
d. hypomagnesemia

A

a. hypokalemia

19
Q

hypercalcemia lab value

A

> 10.5 mg/dL

20
Q

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

  • increased BP
  • bone pain, fractures
  • confusion, psychosis
  • fatigue, lethargy, weakness
  • depressed reflexes
  • decreased memory
  • kidney stones
  • nausea, vomiting, anorexia
  • polyuria, dehydration
  • seizures, coma

a. hyperkalemia
b. hypermagnesemia
c. hyperphosphatemia
d. hypercalcemia

A

d. hypercalcemia

21
Q

hypocalcemia lab value

A

< 9.0 mg/dL

22
Q

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

  • decreased BP
  • Chvostek sign
  • confusion, depression, irritability
  • fatigue, weakness
  • hyperreflexia, muscle cramps
  • laryngeal and bronchial spasms
  • numbness and tingling in extremities and around mouth
  • tetany, seizures
  • Trousseau sign

a. hypophosphatemia
b. hypocalcemia
c. hyponatremia
d. hypokalemia

A

b. hypocalcemia

23
Q

hyperphosphatemia lab value

A

> 4.5 mg/dl

24
Q

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

  • hyperreflexia, muscle cramps
  • hypocalcemia
  • numbness and tingling in extremities and around mouth
  • tetany, seizures
  • calcium-phosphate precipitates in skin, soft tissues, cornea, viscera, blood vessels

a. hypernatremia
b. hypermagnesemia
c. hyperphosphatemia
d. hyperkalemia

A

c. hyperphosphatemia

25
Q

hypophosphatemia lab value

A

<3.0 mg/dL

26
Q

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

  • CNS depression
  • heart problems
  • muscle weakness, including respiratory muscle weakness
  • polyneuropathy, seizures
  • rhabdomyolysis
  • rickets, osteomalacia

a. hypomagnesemia
b. hyponatremia
c. hypophosphatemia
d. hypocalcemia

A

c. hypophosphatemia

27
Q

hypermagnesemia lab value

A

> 2.1 mEq/L

28
Q

MANIFESTATIONS

  • decreased deep tendon reflexes
  • flushed, wark skin, especially facial
  • lethargy, drowsiness
  • nausea, vomiting
  • muscle weakness
  • decreased HR, decreased BP
  • urinary retention

a. hypermagnesemia
b. hyperphosphatemia
c. hyperkalemia
d. hypercalcemia

A

a. hypermagnesemia

29
Q

hypomagnesemia lab value

A

< 1.3 mEq/L

30
Q

MANIFESTATIONS

  • Chvostek and Trousseau signs
  • confusion
  • hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
  • muscle cramps
  • increased HR, increased BP, dysrhythmias
  • tremor, seizures
  • vertigo

a. hyponatremia
b. hypomagnesemia
c. hypophosphatemia
d. hypokalemia

A

b. hypomagnesemia

31
Q

The nursing care for a patient with hyponatremia and fluid volume excess includes

a. fluid restriction

b. administration of hypotonic IV fluids

c. administration of a cation-exchange resin

d. placement of an indwelling urinary catheter

A

a. fluid restriction

32
Q

The nurse should be alert for which manifestations in a patient receiving a loop diuretic?

a. restlessness and agitation
b. paresthesias and irritability
c. weak, irregular pulse and poor muscle tone
d. increased blood pressure and muscle spasms

A

a. restlessness and agitation

33
Q

Which patient is at greatest risk for developing hypermagnesmia?

A. 83-year-old man with lung cancer and hypertension

B. 65-year-old woman with hypertension taking B-adrenergic blockers

C. 42-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus and renal failure

D. 50-year-old man with benign prostatic hyperplasia and a UTI

A

C. 42-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus and renal failure

34
Q

It is important for the nurse to assess for which manifestation(s) in a patient who has just undergone a total thyroidectomy? (SATA)

A. confusion
B. weight gain
C. depressed reflexes
D. circumoral numbness
E. positive Chvestek sign

A

A. confusion
D. circumoral numbness
E. positive Chvestek sign

35
Q

The nurse expects the long-term treatment of a patient with hyperphosphatemia from renal failure will include:

A. fluid restriction
B. calcium supplements
C. magnesium supplements
D. increased intake of dairy products

A

B. calcium supplements

36
Q

A patient who is taking a potassium-depleting diuretic for treatment of hypertension reports generalized weakness. Which action would the nurse to take?

a. Assess for facial muscle spasms.

b. Ask the patient about loose stools.

c. Recommend the patient avoid drinking orange juice with meals.

d. Suggest that the health care provider order a basic metabolic panel.

A

d. Suggest that the health care provider order a basic metabolic panel.

37
Q

A patient with new-onset confusion and hyponatremia is being admitted. Which action would the charge nurse take when making room assignments?

a. Assign the patient to a semiprivate room.

b. Assign the patient to a room near the nurse‘s station.

c. Place the patient in a room nearest to the water fountain.

d. Place the patient on telemetry to monitor for peaked T waves.

A

b. Assign the patient to a room near the nurse‘s station.

38
Q

A patient who had surgery for a perforated gastric ulcer has been receiving nasogastric suction for 3 days. The patient‘s serum sodium level is 127 mEq/L (127 mmol/L). Which prescribed therapy would the nurse question?

a. Infuse 5% dextrose in water intravenously at 125 mL/hr.

b. Administer IV morphine sulfate 4 mg every 2 hours PRN.

c. Give IV metoclopramide 10 mg every 6 hours PRN for nausea.

d. Administer 3% saline intravenously at 50 mL/hr for a total of 200 mL.

A

a. Infuse 5% dextrose in water intravenously at 125 mL/hr.

39
Q

A patient receives 3% NaCl solution for correction of hyponatremia. Which assessment is most important for the nurse to monitor while the patient is receiving this infusion?

a. Lung sounds

b. Urinary output

c. Peripheral pulses

d. Peripheral edema

A

a. Lung sounds

40
Q

A patient who has been receiving diuretic therapy is admitted to the emergency department with a serum potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L. The nurse would alert the health care provider immediately that the patient is on which medication?

a. Digoxin (Lanoxin) 0.25 mg/day

b. Ibuprofen 400 mg every 6 hours

c. Lantus insulin 24 U every evening

d. Metoprolol (Lopressor) 12.5 mg/day

A

a. Digoxin (Lanoxin) 0.25 mg/day

41
Q

The nurse is caring for a patient who has a calcium level of 12.1 mg/dL. Which action would the nurse include in the plan of care?

a. Maintain the patient on bed rest.

b. Auscultate lung sounds every 4 hours.

c. Encourage fluid intake up to 4000 mL daily.

d. Monitor for Trousseau‘s and Chvostek‘s signs.

A

c. Encourage fluid intake up to 4000 mL daily.

42
Q

A patient has a serum calcium level of 7.0 mEq/L. Which assessment finding is most important for the nurse to report to the health care provider?

a. Stridor

b. Fatigue

c. Constipation for 4 days

d. Numbness around the lips

A

a. Stridor

43
Q

A patient is receiving a 3% saline continuous IV infusion for hyponatremia. Which assessment data require the most rapid response by the nurse?

a. The patient‘s radial pulse is 105 beats/min.

b. There are crackles throughout both lung fields.

c. There is sediment and blood in the patient‘s urine.

d. The patient‘s blood pressure increases to 142/94 mm Hg.

A

b. There are crackles throughout both lung fields.

44
Q

The nurse notes a serum calcium level of 7.9 mg/dL for a patient who has chronic malnutrition. Which action would thenurse expect to take first?

a. Monitor ionized calcium level.

b. Give oral calcium citrate tablets.

c. Check parathyroid hormone level.

d. Administer vitamin D supplements.

A

a. Monitor ionized calcium level.

45
Q

After receiving change-of-shift report, which patient would the nurse assess first?

a. Patient with serum sodium level of 145 mEq/L who is asking for water

b. Patient with serum potassium level of 5.0 mEq/L who reports abdominal cramping

c. Patient with serum magnesium level of 1.1 mEq/L who has tremors and hyperactive reflexes

d. Patient with serum phosphorus level of 4.5 mg/dL who has soft tissue calcium-phosphate precipitates

A

c. Patient with serum magnesium level of 1.1 mEq/L who has tremors and hyperactive reflexes

NUR243 - Medical-Surgical II (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions