MIDTERM REVIEW - identifies Flashcards
What is a joint-stock company?
Investors pooling money, only risk is the money you invest and not everything you own.
What does predestination mean?
It doesn’t matter what you do on earth because God has already decided if you are going to heaven or hell.
What is Arminianism?
The belief that doing good works can change God’s mind about your salvation.
What is Antinomianism?
Those that have already been saved by God do not need to follow the laws of man on earth.
What was the House of Burgesses?
Advisory group to the governor of Virginia, first step towards a modern government.
What is the Mayflower Compact?
An agreement to follow the rules made later on.
What was the London Company?
Started the first English colonies, also known as the Virginia Company.
Who was John Smith?
Soldier and explorer, ‘no work, no food’ policy, sets up trade with a Powhatan tribe.
Who was John Rolfe?
Brings tobacco with him to America for profit/growing.
Who were the Puritans?
Want to purify the Church of England (remove everything Catholic and follow the Bible).
What are Separatists?
Another way to call pilgrims.
Who were the Pilgrims?
A group of extreme Puritans, want to separate from the Church of England because it is so corrupt and they want out.
Who was Squanto?
Native American who spoke English and helped the Pilgrims learn how to survive.
Who was John Winthrop?
Governor that gives the ‘city upon a hill’ speech on the way over – role model for others, if they fail people can laugh at God.
Who was Roger Williams?
An extreme radical, believed in the separation of church and state, no forced religion, white settlers had to buy land from NAs, establishes Rhode Island.
Who was Anne Hutchinson?
Midwife who talked against the church in others’ homes, antinomianism and banished from Mass Bay Colony.
Who was the Duke of York?
His brother, the king, gave him the New Netherlands (New York).
Who are the Quakers?
The ‘Society of Friends’, believed they could communicate directly with God, pacifists, don’t believe in predestination, followed the ‘doctrine of the inner light’.
Who was William Penn?
Became a Quaker and was disowned, king pays him the money he owed his father with land in the New World → set up a gov where NA treated fairly, free religion, and protected rights.
What was Roanoke?
The first colony in the New World.
What are the Fundamental Orders?
Written by Thomas Hooker, establishes a government for Connecticut.
headright system
every person entering the colonies had the right to take 50 acres of unclaimed land as long as you had paid for the crossing
Quitrent
small annual payment to the grantor of land
indentured servitude
when you couldn’t afford passage you could come as as an indentured servant (agreed to work for a stated period and subject to strict control as well as receiving nothing beyond keep)
Squatters Rights
if you were camping on land and the owner showed up you had a right to buy the land from them without paying for any improvements made (not actually LAW)
Covenant
ordered puritan society to ensure everyone’s good behavior
nuclear family
the center of society where the father is the head of the household and everything is hierarchical
triangle trade
a complex three-way trade route between europe africa and the americas (exchange of raw materials finished goods and slaves)
Bacon’s Rebellion
gov berkeley and his “green spring faction” vs western planters led by bacon: planters wanted to attack local NAs on the claim they were being attacked and bacon kills peaceful NAs burns Jamestown to the ground and dies. The british fleet returns to restore order
Half- Way Covenant
to cope with the third generation not being baptized Puritans made a limited form of membership for any applicant not known to be a sinner and were willing to accept the covenant (couldn’t participate in church decisions)
Dominion of New England
annulled the charters of and combined all colonies north of pennsylvania
Leisler’s Rebellion
NY suffered a takeover by Jacob Leisler (a disgruntled merchant and militia captain) that only lasted 2 years
Paxton Boys
scots-irish from lancaster county that rebelled like Bacon (murdered peaceful NAs and marched on philly)
William Berkeley
governor of virginia
James Oglethorpe
founder of savannah with a vision of creating a colony of sober yeomen farmers: everything fails and it becomes a royal colony
Edmund Andros
arrived to make the colonies behave less like sovereign powers and overthrown in the wake of the Glorious Revolution
Ben Franklin
leads a delegation acknowledging grievances and promising bounty on Indian heads
John Peter Zenger
german running the NY weekly journal charged with seditious libel (statements found true and not libel)
Fall line
the farthest point of western settlement (place in the foothills of the appalachians where waterfalls/rapids end up-water travel and there are no big colonies
Cotton Mather
puritan clergyman in new england,
along with other notable Boston ministers, Cotton Mather had warned against the use of spectral evidence and advised caution from the onset of the salem witch trials
What is Mercantilism?
Colonies serve as a source of raw materials, a market for finished goods, and a place for excess people.
What does balance of trade mean?
Sell more than you buy, self-sufficient, and producing items in high demand elsewhere. The difference is made up with gold/silver.
What is salutary neglect?
A policy of Sir Robert Walpole where Britain would ignore violations of the navigation acts if the colonies remained economically loyal to Britain.
