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US History > Ch3 test > Flashcards

Ch3 test Flashcards

1
Q

why did the colonies have a lot of initial freedom?

A

physical separation and British political inefficiency

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2
Q

what did governors do?

A
  • executed local law
  • had the power to veto colonial laws
  • financially dependent on their subjects
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3
Q

what houses were the legislatures made up of?

A

upper and lower house

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4
Q

upper house

A

appointed by king and served as advisors to him (upperCLASS and elite)

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5
Q

lower house

A

chosen by qualifying voters, had general legislative powers including control of the money and budgeting

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6
Q

Judges were appointed by the king, though _____ had the final say in matters

A

colonial juries

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7
Q

what was the privy council?

A

group of advisors to the prime minister

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8
Q

what did the privy council do?

A
  • formulated colonial policy
  • acted as a court of last appeal in colonial disputes
  • dealt with cases individually
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9
Q

what did the board of trade do?

A

they determined colonial policy
- nominated colonial governors and other high officials
- reviewed all laws passed by the colonial legislature
- recommended annulment of those that conflicted with imperial policy (not that many)

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10
Q

what is mercantilism?

A

colonies serve as a source of raw materials, a market for finished goods, and a place for excess people

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11
Q

favorable balance of trade

A

sold more than you bought, self sufficient, and providing items in high demand elsewhere

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12
Q

The needs of GB came first (mercantilism), what happens as a result?

A

colonies start to dislike, which leads to the revolution

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13
Q

what type (location) of English colonies supplied raw materials?

A

tropical and sub-tropical

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14
Q

what were the navigation acts?

A

actions after the philosophy, a series of laws enacted over half a century to…

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15
Q

what four reasons were the navigation acts enacted for?

A
  1. to bring gold and silver into the royal treasury
  2. develop the imperial merchant fleet
  3. channel the flow of colonial raw materials to england
  4. to keep foreign goods and vessels out of colonial ports
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16
Q

navigation act of 1650

A

all foreign ships are barred from colonial ports, the importation of goods to England not in an English ship or the ship of the nation that made the good (hurt the dutch)

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17
Q

navigation act of 1660

A

reserved the entire trade of the colonies to English ships, required the captain and 3/4 of crew to be english

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18
Q

what is salutary neglect?

A

sir Robert walpole - Britain would ignore minor violations of the navigation acts as long as colonies remained economically loyal to britain ( because they don’t have enough ships to enforce)

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19
Q

what was the great awakening?

A

an attempt to bring back people’s dedication to religion

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20
Q

the great awakening led to the term ___ being used more

A

american

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21
Q

why was religious fervor slacking in the early 18th century?

A

prosperity, proliferation of denominations (impractical to enforce regular observance), frontier settlers beyond the reach of church

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22
Q

what was the response to the slackening of religion of the 1740s?

A

the great awakening - reverend George whitefield

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23
Q

what did George whitefield believe in?

A

he preached simplified religion
- sinners, with hope of salvation
- God was responsive to good intentions

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24
Q

churches split into factions (over George whitefields beliefs)

A

“old lights” - $$, old ways and old
“new lights” - favored revivalism, young and poor

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25
Q

name another influence of the great awakening

A

new colleges were founded with these new ideas, educational institutions followed (BU, Rutgers, Datrmouth)

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26
Q

who was Jonathan Edwards?

A

the most famous American revivalist preacher

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27
Q

what was the message of “sinners in the hands of an angry god”?

A

no predestination, people CAN be saved

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28
Q

what part of Jonathan Edward’s vision led to his dismissal in 1749?

A

only conversion (repenting and being born again) saved ones soul, not merely good intentions

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29
Q

what happened after edward’s dismissal in 1749?

A

he became a missionary to the Stockbridge Indians and died 10 years later, before he could become the president of princeton

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30
Q

by the 1750s there was a reaction against revivalism everywhere but ____

A

the south

31
Q

what were some effects of the great awakening?

A

divisions in churches, religious toleration, first national event in American history

32
Q

what is the Albany plan?

A

Ben Franklin - vision of colonial union to deal with universal problems that didn’t pass (too independent, colonies didn’t want to give up any independence)

33
Q

the enlightenment in America led to new discoveries implying impersonal scientific laws governed the behavior of all things which meant…

A

God set in motion but rarely interfered, everything is knowable

34
Q

what was the result of new scientific discoveries…

A

the age of reason

35
Q

What were some important things Ben Franklin did?

A

1752 kite experiment, served in Penn assembly for 13 years, founded the first circulating library, spoke many languages, helped get Philly’s first hospital and vfd built

35
Q

how did the age of reason impact ministers?

A

they lost their monopoly on intellectual life, only a minority of graduates become ministers

36
Q

Junto

A

1727 - group of Philly people discussed politics, natural philosophy, etc.

37
Q

repercussions of distant wars

A

imperial powers fought amongst themselves all over the world, including the colonies

38
Q

fur trade only

A

French in Canada allied with native Americans

39
Q

conflicting colonial land claims? why?

A

over Ohio river valley (french and English), fresh water/transportation/good farm land

40
Q

the great war for the empire

A

french forts around the great lakes on Canada/America border, Americans moving into Ohio country…

41
Q

Virginia gov sends ______ to warn french they were trespassing, result?

A

George Washington, the french ignore and washington is sent back with 150 men -> disaster that ends with the start of the french Indian war

42
Q

who was William pitt?

A

governor, lead British to victory

43
Q

3 things William pitt did that helped the british

A
  1. poured troops into america
  2. promoted talented young officers (not $$)
  3. use British navy to bottle up enemy fleet and hamper communications with canada
44
Q

treaty of Paris (____)?

A

french abandoned most all claim to NA, GB took over Canada and east half of Mississippi valley…much rather have Spain in charge of something than france

45
Q

colonial militia men fought well in 2 circumstances

A

defense of homes, highly prized objective

46
Q

colonial militia men letting British troops bear brunt of fighting result

A

immense praise of king and mother country at the end of the war

47
Q

great Britain’s national debt ____ between 1754 and 1763

A

doubled

48
Q

British, american, NA after war effects

A

British intervene more actively, colonies continue to be a drain on the road treasury due to fighting NAs, Pontiac led NAs in a rebellion failed in 1764

49
Q

proclamation of 1763

A

indians accepted peace terms and outposts along the frontier were placed, new western policy

50
Q

why was the proclamation of 1763 made permanent?

A

to save money, prevent trouble with Indians, and to keep the colonies closely tied to mother countries

51
Q

what was the new western policy (3) under the proclamation of 1763?

A
  1. no settlers were to cross the Appalachian divide
  2. purchase of NA land was forbidden
  3. three new colonies were created (quebec, east and west florida (not allowed local assemblies))
52
Q

The Sugar Act

A

by George Grenfield - placed tariffs on goods imported into america in large amounts (sugar, coffee, wines, etc.)

53
Q

effects and punishment for violating the Sugar Act

A

tried before British naval officers in vice admiralty courts ($ when guilty), tax collections soared, felt they were being taxed w/o representation and don’t want to pay

54
Q

virtual representation

A

not supported by Americans, every member represents ALL people in British empire, colonists didn’t agree on common action (nothing organized)

55
Q

writs of assistance

A

open ended search warrants British used to search for smuggled goods (anywhere, anytime)

56
Q

stamp act of 1765

A

excise taxes on all printed matter, little money was collected and people were outraged (direct tax)

57
Q

stamp act congress did what

A

met and passed a series of resolutions stating taxes shouldn’t be imposed without colonial consent

58
Q

who were the sons of liberty

A

men of character and position who frequently resorted to violence, an extralegal organization

59
Q

quartering act

A

local legislature to house and feed new british troops sent to colonies (have to provide with food, drink, and house)

60
Q

the declaratory act

A

parliament could enact any law it wished, to show they’re still in control

61
Q

Townshend duties

A

indirect taxes on glass, paper, lead, paints, paper, and tea imported into the colonies

62
Q

response to Townshend duties

A

boycott of British goods (working together), Mass gen court letter -> gov dissolves legislature and transferred troops from frontier to boston (gas on a fire)

63
Q

what was the boston massacre

A

economy was in poor shape, too many British soldiers, hasty fire into crowd

64
Q

results of the Boston massacre

A

death of 5 people, Townshend duties repealed except tax on tea

65
Q

gaspee runs aground ->

A

colonists torch it, nobody would testify and committees of correspondence formed to plan joint action in case of trouble

66
Q

the tea act crisis

A
  1. east India company bankrupt
  2. sell directly to america, cut out colonial merchants
  3. colonists dump tea overboard
  4. actions clearly supported by colonists, mad british
67
Q

coercive acts (3 points)

A

Boston port act, administration of justice, Massachusetts government act

68
Q

Boston port act

A

part of the coercive acts, closed the harbor of boston to all commerce until tea was paid for

69
Q

Administration of Justice

A

part of the coercive acts, provided for the transfer of cases to courts outside of mass

70
Q

Mass gov act

A

part of the coercive acts, strengthened power of the governor and weakened that of local town meetings (changed method by which juries were selected)

71
Q

coercive acts also known as…

A

intolerable acts

72
Q

first continental congress met in Philly, only Georgia not there bc…

A

newest colony, haven’t seen much British effects, farthest away

73
Q

continental congress beliefs (4)

A

parliament had no right to legislate for the colonies, condemned all British acts since 1763, organized continental assc. to boycott british goods and stop exports to Britain, local committees appointed to enforce boycott

US History (9 decks)

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