Midterm Review COPY Flashcards
What is the Enlightenment?
The enlightenment is a time period of immense change. It contained an explosion of ideas that focused on individual happiness and rights through logic and reason.
Give three examples of the “major businesses.”
Energy Transportation Banking
What is a cash crop?
A crop grown to sell for profit
What are the three largest effects of the Enlightenment?
-Less religious outlook -Belief in Progress -Importance on the Individuals
What were the problems that Europeans had in trying to conquer Africa before industrializing?
Terrain was impassable (mountains, deserts, etc) Rivers were dangerous Both sides had the same weapons Malaria and other diseases
According to Communism, how many classes did capitalism have, and what were they?
2, Haves and Have-nots (owners vs. workers, rich vs. poor )
Where did Industrialization first start?
England
Adam Smith -
Adam Smith - capitalism
How did the Declaration of the Rights of Man change the government of France?
-Got rid of estates, making all men equals -Made a parliament with the king still having power in the government -Government would focus on protecting the rights of its citizens
During the Dark Ages, whose happiness was the most important? Afterwards?
Kings and Queens, The common people
What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference?
To split up Africa without going to war with each other
Why did the British occupy Boston, and pass the rest of the Intolerable Acts?
This was done in response to the Boston Tea Party, and were meant as a punishment for the colonists
What is the social contract?
An agreement between the citizens and the government to follow rules in return for safety
Who owns the businesses, resources, and make decisions in capitalism?
Individuals
In what two ways did the American Revolution help to bring about the French Revolution?
-France spent so much money helping us, that they ruined their own economy -The successes of our revolution, and the government that followed were an inspiration to France
Voltaire
Freedom of thought, expression, and religions
Montesquieu
separation of powers in government
In what ways can you still see the impact of the Enlightenment on the United States government?
We have a government that focuses on protecting its citizens’ happiness. Voting rights, freedoms of speech religion, press, etc. 3 branches of government, trial by jury, no illegal search and seizure, capitalism
Explain how capitalism rewards hard work and new ideas?
The harder you work, or the better your invention, the more money you will make
How did industrialization contribute to global inequality?
Countries that industrialized first were able to make a lot more money and weapons, which allowed them to take over non industrialized countries, and take their stuff.
How did African tribes react to colonization overall?
Sustained violent resistance
What are 7 short term changes that happened during the industrial revolution?
Lack of government rules No education for lower classes Poor working and living conditions Disease Factory owners grew richer Child Labor Poor became even more poor
What are 8 specific things that were wrong with the tenement housing or working conditions?
Low pay and long hours No police protection Very dangerous conditions Rooms too crowded Frequent disease outbreaks No running water No education Literally anything else that we’ve talked about
What were five negatives of imperialism in Africa?
Lost independence and were used for forced labor Many people died from new diseases, resistance movements, and famine Africans never got the economic benefit of its resources Totally destroyed African leadership, and put nothing in place when Europeans left Dividing lines between tribes torn apart some ethnic groups, forced enemies to become allies, and set up the modern problems in africa