Industrial Revolution COPY

Question 1

What positive changes have happened in our world as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 1

No more child labor Shorter work hours and the entire idea of the weekend Better pay Safer conditions Minimum wage, workers’ compensation, and overtime

Question 2

Describe how unions gained rights and better conditions for their workers.

Answer 2

Unions have gained many reforms through collective bargaining – negotiations between employers and the business If that fails, workers can go on strike, which means refusing to work until an agreement has been reached

Question 3

Describe the working conditions of low wage workers

Answer 3

12 hour work days, 6 days a week Paid 1 to 5 dollars per day Incredibly dangerous No minimum wage, worker’s compensation, or overtime Business allowed to regulate businesses Government in the US at the time believed in extreme hands-off principles Allowed businesses to gain huge profits and make owners incredibly wealthy while workers remained incredibly poor

Question 4

How did Robert Owen try to fix the problems during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 4

Tried to create a utopian town, that was meant to be perfect place to live and work and everyone would be considered equal.

Question 5

What did Thomas Malthus believe in?

Answer 5

Believed population grows faster than food supply Thought we should expect more war, famine and disease to lower population Overpopulation would lead to everyone being miserable

Question 6

Who owns the factors of production in capitalism and makes decisions?

Answer 6

The people/ consumers/ business

Question 7

What does hands off mean in the economy?

Answer 7

No government involvement in the economy

Question 8

What was a common feature between all the Capitalist reforms?

Answer 8

They did not actually want to change the system, used excuse to justify why it was broken. They blamed the poor people for the problems.

Question 9

What did Karl Marx see as the biggest cause of the problems of industrialization?

Answer 9

Created two groups of people, the haves who are the wealthy business owners who did not pay their workers anything, and the have-nots who are the workers. They have nothing because of the haves.

Question 10

Explain what the enclosure movement was.

Answer 10

Rich farmers bought up the common land, and fenced it off so smaller farmers were not able to use it

Question 11

Explain how the invisible hand works and an example of it.

Answer 11

Invisible Hand - the collective decisions of all consumers informs businesses of what to make without the need for governments involvement Picnic pants vs the charger

Question 12

What problems are there with the theories of communism?

Answer 12

No incentives for hard work or inventions

Question 13

What is the goal of communism?

Answer 13

The government work to ensure equality for all people

Question 14

Did Malthus ideas come true? Why or why not.

Answer 14

No, because we created technology that allowed for humans to make large amounts of food. (high yield grains)

Question 15

Explain what effect the previous two inventions had on the causes of industrial revolution.

Answer 15

Enclosure movement - Forced a lot the farmer to move to the cities, where they were the workforce for factories Crop rotation - Even with fewer farmers, this allowed the remaining ones to produced enough food for everyone.

Question 16

What is the incentive to work hard in capitalism?

Answer 16

Provides incentives for hard work and new ideas in the form of money

Question 17

In a communist country, who would control all of the goods, factories, businesses, money, etc?

Answer 17

The government

Question 18

What major changes took place because of the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 18

Machines began doing more work for people instead of muscle power People began to work outside of the home, and buy things that were mass produced in a factory

Question 19

Explain how Social Darwinism justified the condition of the poor classes.

Answer 19

Poor people are poor because they are not as advanced as rich people

Question 20

Explain the 5 reasons out of 8 for why England was first to industrialize.

Answer 20

Plenty of energy with rivers and coal to run the machines Large amounts of natural resources like iron ore for building machines, and raw materials like cotton and wool Rivers to transport materials and finished goods Large harbors to handle all the new trade were already built Stable economy and government allowed businesses to grow Already had a global trade network to sell goods to Large urban population with no other options to work in the factories for little pay

Question 21

Describe what life was like before the Industrial Revolution? (Where did people work, how did we make our stuff, etc?)

Answer 21

Most people lived on small farms and grew crops to eat Most work was done in the home or was done by hand by an artisan

Question 22

Explain what the crop rotation was.

Answer 22

Planting different crops each year to replenish soil, which grew more food per acre

Question 23

Describe the ideas of socialism?

Answer 23

Governments would improve the lives of all people The government would guide the economy instead of hoping for the “Invisible Hand” to work Major industries that are important to the health of the nations, such as energy, banking, and transportation would be controlled by the government All other businesses would be owned by individuals

Question 24

What is social darwinism?

Answer 24

Applies ideas of “Survival of the Fittest” to humans

Question 25

What is a union?

Answer 25

Group of workers who join together to force employers to give them better pay, hours, and conditions

Question 26

Describe the problems of housing for low wage workers during the Industrial revolution.

Answer 26

No building codes No national free education Very poor police protection Streets had no drains and were piled high with waste Widespread disease Poor conditions were due to the fast pace of population growth in cities and government’s unwillingness to address the problems

Question 27

List the 7 reasons why England was the first to industrialize.

Answer 27

Plenty of rivers and coal Large amounts of natural resources like coal and cotton England had lots of rivers Large harbors already built Stable economy and government Already had a global trade network Large urban population with no other options

Question 28

Why is Karl Marx an important person in history?

Answer 28

He wrote the ideas in the communist manifesto, which laid the groundworks for the ideas of communism