Age of Revolutions

Question 1

What sort of people were considered “counter-revolutionaries” under the Jacobin’s rules?

Answer 1

Any of the wealthy people fighting against the revolution.

People who hoarded grain

People who didn’t join the army when asked

Anyone who criticized the Jacobins

Question 2

Who was Maximilien Robespierre?

Answer 2

Leader of the Jacobins political group, head of the French government during the Reign of Terror

Question 3

What was the purpose of the Declaration of the Rights of Man?

Answer 3

This officially declared the new government of France, and laid out the things they wanted the new government to do

Question 4

What was the final trigger that started the French Revolution?

Answer 4

A drought killed crops, making bread too expensive to buy

Question 5

What was the Storming of the Bastille, and why did it show the weakness of Louis XVI?

Answer 5

This was when the peasants invaded and controlled the Bastille, which is was a fortress that held political prisoners and weapons.

This showed weakness because the king did nothing to stop the rioting

Question 6

What was the French army used for during the Reign of Terror?

Answer 6

They were used to tax people’s food and land

Question 7

In what ways can you still see the impact of the Enlightenment on the United States government?

Answer 7

We have a government that focuses on protecting its citizens’ happiness.
Voting rights, freedoms of speech religion, press, etc.
3 branches of government, trial by jury, no illegal search and seizure.

Question 8

In what ways was King Louis to blame for the French Revolution?

Answer 8

Had lousy leadership

Wasn’t interested in ruling the country

Never did anything about the economy until it was too late

Question 9

How did the French and Indian War start the problems between the British and the colonists?

Answer 9

It caused England to go into debt, which led them to raise taxes on the colonists, which we didn’t want to pay.

Question 10

What were the Intolerable Acts?

Answer 10

Boston Port Bill - Shut down Boston Harbor
Massachusetts Government Act - Disbanded the elected governments
Administration of Justice Act - Allowed British officials and troops who were accused of killing people to go to England for court instead of the colonies.
Quartering Act - Colonists were forced to pay for British soldiers’ housing, including

Question 11

Why would colonist not like mercantilism?

Answer 11

They cannot buy or sell to countries that would give them better prices.

The money always ends up in England

The colonists weren’t allowed to make finished goods, only raw materials

Question 12

In what ways was the Haitian Revolution a success?

Answer 12

Ended slavery in their country/ won their independence from France

Question 13

How many people ended up being killed during the Reign of Terror? How many were peasants?

Answer 13

40,000-50,000 and about 85% came from the 3rd estate

Question 14

What issues were the Haitian people angry about before the Revolution?

Answer 14

The mixed race- middle class- not equal to the whites in the country but having more rights than slaves in the country.

Question 15

Who did the Jacobins blame for the problems in France?

Answer 15

The Wealthy

Question 16

What happened to Robespierre?

Answer 16

After he turned on his own inner circle, he was accused of being an enemy of the revolution and was beheaded

Question 17

What are five words that would describe the lifestyle of the second class, especially Louis and Marie Antoinette?

Answer 17

Answers may vary (Rich, Expensive, Unnecessary, Unequal, “Over the top”, etc)

Question 18

What were the professions and sizes of the 1st and 2nd estates?

Answer 18

1st - 1%, Priests
2nd - 2% Royalty

Question 19

What was the Great Fear, and why did it show the weakness of Louis XVI?

Answer 19

This followed the Storming of the Bastille, and was a 6 month period of mob violence in the countryside. Mobs of peasants murdered the wealthy, destroyed their estates, and burned legal records out of a revenge and panic about rumors of an “Austrian invasion” that never occurred

Again the king was incapable of stopping the violence

Question 20

Describe the living conditions for the peasants. Give specific examples.

Answer 20

They lived in one room houses with dirt floors, mud walls, and thatch roofs.
They were usually hungry, and frequently starved if the weather was not good
They usually had one or two sets of clothes, and had to make everything they had in the home
Worked from sun up to sundown every day but Sunday

Question 21

Who was Marie Antoinette?

Answer 21

Last Queen of France

Question 22

Who led the Haitian rebellion, and how well did he live up to the Enlightenment values?

Answer 22

toussaint louverture

Not well- he created himself as a dictator

Question 23

What events lead up to the Boston Massacre?

Answer 23

The British sent troops to enforce the laws (especially mercantilism) in Boston. An aggressive crowd started a fight with some British troops leading them to shoot into the crowd in self defense.

Question 24

How large was the 3rd estate, and what kind of jobs did these people have?

Answer 24

97% total
17% were in the “upper 3rd” and were merchants, doctors, lawyers, business owners, etc.
80% were poor peasant farmers

Question 25

Was the French Revolution a success?

Answer 25

No. It ended up being taking away the very rights the revolution had been fought to get.

Question 26

What are 3 economic problems that France had before the Revolution?

Answer 26

The government was bankrupt, and had already taxed the 3rd estate the limit

France helped the colonists in the American Revolution

Too much money spent by Louis and Marie Antoinette (the King and Queen)

Question 27

How did the French Revolution help to cause the Haitian Revolution?

Answer 27

The ideas spread to Haiti through travel , allowed Haitians to start wanting equality

Question 28

How did it reflect Enlightenment ideas?

Answer 28

The government would protect natural rights

Got rid of estates and all people were taxes equally

New government would be a democracy

Provided freedoms of speech, press, religion, etc.

Question 29

According to John Locke, what is a government’s main concern?

Answer 29

To protect natural rights of their citizens

Question 30

What was Maximilien Robespierre able to do because he was the head of the Commission of Public Safety?

Answer 30

Allowed him to decide who was an “Enemy of the Revolution”

Question 31

What happened to religion after the French Revolution?

Answer 31

Tried to erase the Catholic church and start a “Religion of Virtue”

Question 32

How did Enlightenment ideas helped bring about the French Revolution?

Answer 32

John Locke thought that a government was only supposed to be around to protect natural rights, and if it didn’t it should be overthrown. French peasants were only used to make the king richer, and the government was taking away the rights of the peasants. (Taking their food, no freedoms of speech or religion, executing peasants without a trial for small crimes.)

Question 33

In what TWO ways the did the American Revolution help to cause the French Revolution?

Answer 33

France spent so much money helping us, that they ruined their own economy

The successes of our revolution, and the government that followed were an inspiration to France

Question 34

In what ways was the Haitian Revolution a failure?

Answer 34

They are still a impoverished(poor) nation because no White nation would trade with them in fear of revolutions spreading to their countries. Economically hurt them still see today

Question 35

What is an Estate?

Answer 35

French social system/classes

Question 36

What did the new Jacobin-led government promise to do in France?

Answer 36

They were going to have the most “Enlightenment” government ever. All based on science, and equality.

Question 37

What is Mercantilism?

Answer 37

A Country uses their colonies to make money for the mother country, by providing raw materials and buying finished goods

Question 38

What things did the first and second estates have in common?

Answer 38

Both had political power and were very wealthy, but did not pay any taxes

Question 39

What is the only quality that all 3rd estate members shared?

Answer 39

None had political power, and they all had to pay taxes

Question 40

The Intolerable Acts were a response to what event?

Answer 40

Boston Tea Party

Question 41

Explain how the Enlightenment ideas inspired the American Revolution.

Answer 41

John Locke thought that a government was only supposed to be around to protect natural rights, and if it didn’t it should be overthrown. England was only trying to make itself richer, and wasn’t protecting our rights (the Navigation Acts, the Stamp Act, not allowed us to govern ourselves, forcing us to house their troops, etc.)