Midterm Review Flashcards
Who is the founder of modern human anatomy?
Andreas Vesalius
What is the most abundant substance in the human body?
Water
What supplies raw materials for building living tissue?
Food
The diaphragm separates what cavities of the body?
Thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavities
Where is the mediastinum?
Between the lungs in the thoracic cavity
In which quadrant is the liver located?
Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
In which quadrant is the spleen located?
Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
In which quadrant is the sigmoid colon located?
Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
In which quadrant is the appendix located?
Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
Name the three major parts of a cell.
Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane
What is in the nucleus of a cell?
The majority of the cells genetic material; DNA mostly
What is the role of mitochondria in a cell?
Perform cellular respiration; convert nutrients into energy
What is the role of Lysosomes in a cell?
To digest materials within a cell
What is the role of Peroxisomes in a cell?
To break down fatty acids and other molecules
What is the role of vesicles within a cell?
To break down food particles and get rid of unneeded cellular materials
What happens to a red blood cell (RBC) put into a hypertonic solution (a solution that is more solute than in the RBC)?
The red blood cell will lose water as water passes into the solution with more solutes
In active transport, what substance is required to move a substance across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to region of higher concentration?
ATP
What tissue covers organs and body surfaces?
Epithelial Tissue
Where do endocrine glands secrete?
Tissue fluid or blood
Where do exocrine glands secrete?
Ducts that open onto the surface
Sweat Glands
Endocrine or Exocrine
Exocrine
Thyroid Gland
Endocrine or Exocrine
Endocrine
In what part of the nervous system do we find tight junctions?
The blood-brain barrier
What is the most abundant tissue type in the body?
Connective tissue
What cells release heparin?
Mast
Is blood a connective tissue?
Yes. Blood is a specialized connective tissue.
Fibrocartilage can be found in what part of the spine?
In the intervertebral discs
Skeletal muscle is an example of what type of muscle structure?
Striated
What is the role of the Hypothalamus (in relation to the skin)?
The hypothalamus regulates body temperature based on nerve impulses that it receives from the skin.
How many bones are there in the adult human body?
206
How many vertebral segments are there in the cervical section?
7
How many vertebral segments are there in the lumbar section?
5
How many vertebral segments are there in the thoracic section?
12
What is the most mobile section of the vertebral column?
The cervical section
What structure passes through the intervertebral foramen (IVF)?
Spinal nerves
What structure is between the vertebral bodies?
Intervertebral discs
The coracoid is part of what bone?
The scapula
What is the fossa where the head of the humerus is located?
The Glenoid Fossa cavity
What is the fossa where the head of the femur is located?
The Acetabular Fossa
Anatomy (define)
The study of the structure/morphology of the
human body and its parts
Physiology (define)
The study of the functions of the human
body and its parts
Organelle (define)
Functional part of a cell (mitochondrion, lysosome)
Cell (define)
Basic unit of structure and functions (muscle, nerve, or blood cell)
Tissue (define)
Layer or mass of cells with specific function (adipose tissue)
Organ (define)
Group of different tissues with a function (heart, kidney, stomach)
Organ System (define)
Group of organs with common function (digestive system)
Metabolism (define)
All of the chemical reactions in an organism that support life
Homeostasis (define)
Maintenance of a stable internal environment
Differentiated (define)
Cells that have developed specialized characteristics
Selectively Permeable (define)
Regulated entry and exit of substances through passive or active transport
Diffusion (define)
Movement of atoms, molecules, or ions, from region of higher concentration to region of lower concentration
Osmosis (define)
Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from region of higher water concentration to region of lower water concentration
Histology (define)
The study of tissues
Neurons (define)
Main cells of nervous tissue which are specialized for communication, via conduction of nerve impulses (sensory reception, motor control)
Melanocyte (define)
Cell in the stratum basle which produce the dark pigment melanin
Sebum (define)
Fatty material and cellular debris excreted by sebaceous glands in the skin
Osteoclasts (define)
A large bone cell that absorbs bone tissue during growth and healing (breaks down calcified matrix)
Osteoblasts (define)
Bone-forming cells that deposit bone matrix around
themselves
Hematopoiesis
Blood cell formation
