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Anatomy & Physiology I > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

Who is the founder of modern human anatomy?

A

Andreas Vesalius

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2
Q

What is the most abundant substance in the human body?

A

Water

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3
Q

What supplies raw materials for building living tissue?

A

Food

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4
Q

The diaphragm separates what cavities of the body?

A

Thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavities

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5
Q

Where is the mediastinum?

A

Between the lungs in the thoracic cavity

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6
Q

In which quadrant is the liver located?

A

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

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7
Q

In which quadrant is the spleen located?

A

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

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8
Q

In which quadrant is the sigmoid colon located?

A

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

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9
Q

In which quadrant is the appendix located?

A

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

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10
Q

Name the three major parts of a cell.

A

Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane

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11
Q

What is in the nucleus of a cell?

A

The majority of the cells genetic material; DNA mostly

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12
Q

What is the role of mitochondria in a cell?

A

Perform cellular respiration; convert nutrients into energy

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13
Q

What is the role of Lysosomes in a cell?

A

To digest materials within a cell

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14
Q

What is the role of Peroxisomes in a cell?

A

To break down fatty acids and other molecules

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15
Q

What is the role of vesicles within a cell?

A

To break down food particles and get rid of unneeded cellular materials

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16
Q

What happens to a red blood cell (RBC) put into a hypertonic solution (a solution that is more solute than in the RBC)?

A

The red blood cell will lose water as water passes into the solution with more solutes

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17
Q

In active transport, what substance is required to move a substance across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to region of higher concentration?

A

ATP

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18
Q

What tissue covers organs and body surfaces?

A

Epithelial Tissue

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19
Q

Where do endocrine glands secrete?

A

Tissue fluid or blood

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20
Q

Where do exocrine glands secrete?

A

Ducts that open onto the surface

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21
Q

Sweat Glands

Endocrine or Exocrine

A

Exocrine

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22
Q

Thyroid Gland

Endocrine or Exocrine

A

Endocrine

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23
Q

In what part of the nervous system do we find tight junctions?

A

The blood-brain barrier

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24
Q

What is the most abundant tissue type in the body?

A

Connective tissue

25
Q

What cells release heparin?

A

Mast

26
Q

Is blood a connective tissue?

A

Yes. Blood is a specialized connective tissue.

27
Q

Fibrocartilage can be found in what part of the spine?

A

In the intervertebral discs

28
Q

Skeletal muscle is an example of what type of muscle structure?

A

Striated

29
Q

What is the role of the Hypothalamus (in relation to the skin)?

A

The hypothalamus regulates body temperature based on nerve impulses that it receives from the skin.

30
Q

How many bones are there in the adult human body?

A

206

31
Q

How many vertebral segments are there in the cervical section?

A

7

32
Q

How many vertebral segments are there in the lumbar section?

A

5

33
Q

How many vertebral segments are there in the thoracic section?

A

12

34
Q

What is the most mobile section of the vertebral column?

A

The cervical section

35
Q

What structure passes through the intervertebral foramen (IVF)?

A

Spinal nerves

36
Q

What structure is between the vertebral bodies?

A

Intervertebral discs

37
Q

The coracoid is part of what bone?

A

The scapula

38
Q

What is the fossa where the head of the humerus is located?

A

The Glenoid Fossa cavity

39
Q

What is the fossa where the head of the femur is located?

A

The Acetabular Fossa

40
Q

Anatomy (define)

A

The study of the structure/morphology of the

human body and its parts

41
Q

Physiology (define)

A

The study of the functions of the human

body and its parts

42
Q

Organelle (define)

A

Functional part of a cell (mitochondrion, lysosome)

43
Q

Cell (define)

A

Basic unit of structure and functions (muscle, nerve, or blood cell)

44
Q

Tissue (define)

A

Layer or mass of cells with specific function (adipose tissue)

45
Q

Organ (define)

A

Group of different tissues with a function (heart, kidney, stomach)

46
Q

Organ System (define)

A

Group of organs with common function (digestive system)

47
Q

Metabolism (define)

A

All of the chemical reactions in an organism that support life

48
Q

Homeostasis (define)

A

Maintenance of a stable internal environment

49
Q

Differentiated (define)

A

Cells that have developed specialized characteristics

50
Q

Selectively Permeable (define)

A

Regulated entry and exit of substances through passive or active transport

51
Q

Diffusion (define)

A

Movement of atoms, molecules, or ions, from region of higher concentration to region of lower concentration

52
Q

Osmosis (define)

A

Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from region of higher water concentration to region of lower water concentration

53
Q

Histology (define)

A

The study of tissues

54
Q

Neurons (define)

A

Main cells of nervous tissue which are specialized for communication, via conduction of nerve impulses (sensory reception, motor control)

55
Q

Melanocyte (define)

A

Cell in the stratum basle which produce the dark pigment melanin

56
Q

Sebum (define)

A

Fatty material and cellular debris excreted by sebaceous glands in the skin

57
Q

Osteoclasts (define)

A

A large bone cell that absorbs bone tissue during growth and healing (breaks down calcified matrix)

58
Q

Osteoblasts (define)

A

Bone-forming cells that deposit bone matrix around

themselves

59
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Blood cell formation

Anatomy & Physiology I (7 decks)

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