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Anatomy & Physiology I > Chapter One > Flashcards

Chapter One Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy (definition)

A

The study of the structure/morphology of the human body and its parts; derived from Greed for “a cutting up”

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2
Q

Physiology (definition)

A

The study of the functions of the human body and its parts; dervied from Greek for “relationship to nature”

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3
Q 
Andreas Vesalius (ce 1514- 1564, d age 49)
(describe)
A

Considered the father of Human Anatomy. Authored one of the most influential books on human anatomy, “De humani corporis fabrica (“On the Fabric of the Human Body”).

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4
Q

Structure of organs and parts of the body determines …

A

… function

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5
Q

Levels of Organization

Organism (describe):

A

Levels of Organization

Organism (describe):
Composed of organ systems interacting (human)

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6
Q

Levels of Organization

Organ (describe):

A

Levels of Organization

Organ (describe):
Group of different tissues with a function (heart, kidney, stomach)

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7
Q

Levels of Organization

Organ System (describe):

A

Levels of Organization

Organ System (describe):
Group of organs with common function (digestive system)
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8
Q

Levels of Organization

Tissue (describe):

A

Levels of Organization

Tissue (describe):
Layer or mass of cells with a specific function (adipose tissue)

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9
Q

Levels of Organization

Cell (describe):

A

Levels of Organization

Cell (describe):
Basic unit of structure and functions (muscle, nerve, or blood)

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10
Q

Levels of Organization

Organelle (describe):

A

Levels of Organization

Organelle (describe):
Functional part of a cell (mitochondrion, lyosome)

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11
Q

Levels of Organization

Macromolecule (describe):

A

Levels of Organization

Macromolecule (describe):
Large particles consisting of molecules (DNA, protein)

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12
Q

Levels of Organization

Molecule (describe):

A

Levels of Organization

Molecule (describe):
Particles consisting of atoms (water, glucose)

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13
Q

Levels of Organization

Atom (describe):

A

Levels of Organization

Atom (describe):
Tiny particles that make up chemicals (hydrogen, carbon)

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14
Q

Levels of Organization

Subatomic Particles (describe):

A

Levels of Organization

Subatomic Particles (describe):
Protons, neutrons, and electrons that make up cells
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15
Q

Ultrasound (US) (definition)

A

High-frequency sound waves that provide images of soft internal structures; used to obtain sonogram of fetus in uterus

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16
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (definition)

A

Magnetic field changes alignment and spin of certain types of atoms; provides high-resolution images of internal structures, such as the brain

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17
Q

Characteristics of Life

List:

A

Characteristics of Life

List:
Movement
Responsiveness
Growth
Reproduction
Respiration
Digestion
Absorption
Circulation
Excretion
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18
Q

Metabolism (definition)

A

The events inside the body which obtain, release, and utilize energy (all chemical reactions in an organization that support life)

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19
Q

Environmental Factors Required for Life

List:

A

Environmental Factors Required for Life

List:
Water
Food
Oxygen
Heat
Pressure
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20
Q

Homeostasis (definition)

A

Maintenance of a stable internal environment

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21
Q

Homeostatic Mechanisms (definition):

A

Self-regulating systems that monitor aspect of the internal environment and correct them as needed

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22
Q

Homeostatic Mechanism

Describe:

A

Homeostatic Mechanism

Describe:
Receptor
Control Center
Effector

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23
Q

Homeostatic Mechanism

Receptor (definition):

A

Homeostatic Mechanism

Receptor (definition):
Detects and provides information about the stimuli

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24
Q

Homeostatic Mechanism

Control Center (definition):

A

Homeostatic Mechanism

Control Center (definition):
Decision-maker that maintains the set point
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25
Q

Homeostatic Mechanism

Effector (definition):

A

Homeostatic Mechanism

Effector (definition):
Muscle or gland that responds to the control center, and causes the necessary change in the internal environment

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26
Q

Organization of the Human Body

Main Portions:

A

Organization of the Human Body

Main Portions:
Axial Portion
Appendicular Portion

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27
Q

Organization of the Human Body

Axial Portion (describe):

A

Organization of the Human Body

Axial Portion (describe):
head, neck, and trunk
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28
Q

Organization of the Human Body

Appendicular Portion (describe):

A

Organization of the Human Body

Appendicular Portion (describe):
Upper and lower limbs
29
Q

Organization of the Human Body

Major cavities of the axial portion of the body:

A

Organization of the Human Body

Major cavities of the axial portion of the body:
Cranial Cavity
Vertebral Canal
Thoracic Cavity
Abdominopelvic Cavity
30
Q

Organization of the Human Body

Cranial Cavity (describe):

A

Organization of the Human Body

Cranial Cavity (describe):
Houses brain
31
Q

Organization of the Human Body

Vertebral Cavity (describe):

A

Organization of the Human Body

Vertebral Cavity (describe):
Contains spinal cord
32
Q

Organization of the Human Body

Thoracic Cavity (describe):

A

Organization of the Human Body

Thoracic Cavity (describe):
Houses lungs and thoracic viscera
33
Q

Organization of the Human Body

Abdominopelvic Cavity (describe):

A

Organization of the Human Body

Abdominopelvic Cavity (describe):
Contains abdominal and pelvic viscera
34
Q

Major Body Cavities

Diaphragm (describe):

A

Major Body Cavities

Diaphragm (describe):
Muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

35
Q

Major Body Cavities

Mediastinum (describe):

A

Major Body Cavities

Mediastinum (describe):
Region between lungs in thoracic cavity, which contains heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland

36
Q

Major Body Cavities

Abdominopelvic Cavity (describe):

A

Major Body Cavities

Abdominopelvic Cavity (describe):
Cavity contains two portions
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity

37
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity (define):

A

Abdominopelvic Cavity (define):

Extends from diaphragm to top of pelvis, and contains stomach, liver, spleen, kidneys, small intestine, most of large intestine

38
Q

Pelvic Cavity (define):

A

Pelvic Cavity (define):

Enclosed by pelvic bones, and contians end of large intestine, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs

39
Q

Small Cavities of the Head

List:

A

Small Cavities of the Head

List:
Oral cavity
Nasal cavity
Orbital cavity
Middle ear cavity
40
Q

Serous Membranes

Layers:

A

Serous Membranes

Layers:
Visceral layer
Parietal layer

41
Q

Serous Membranes

Visceral layer (describe):

A

Serous Membranes

Visceral layer (describe):
Inner layer, which covers the organ
42
Q

Serous Membranes

Parietal layer (describe):

A

Serous Membranes

Parietal layer (describe):
outer layer, which lines wall cavity
43
Q

Serous Membranes

Examples:

A

Serous Membranes

Examples:
Visceral and parietal pleura (around lungs in thorax)
Visceral and parietal pericardium (around heart in thorax)
Visceral and parietal peritoneum (around abdominopelvic organs)

44
Q

Organ Systems

List:

A

Organ Systems

List:
Integumentary system
Skeletal system
Muscular system

45
Q

Organ Systems

Integumentary System (describe):

A

Organ Systems

Integumentary System (describe):
Protection, body temperature regulation, sensory reception, production of Vitamin D
46
Q

Organ Systems

Skeletal System (describe):

A

Organ Systems

Skeletal System (describe):
Framework, protection, attachment sites, storage or inorganic salts, production of blood cells, support of movement
47
Q

Organ Systems

Muscular System (describe):

A

Organ Systems

Muscular System (describe):
Movement, main source of body heat, maintenance of posture
48
Q

Organ Systems

Nervous and Endocrine System (describe):

A

Organ Systems

Nervous and Endocrine System (describe):
Integration and coordination of function through nerve impulses or hormones

49
Q

Organ Systems

Cardiovascular System (describe):

A

Organ Systems

Cardiovascular System (describe):
Transportation of gases, nutrients, blood cells, and wastes
50
Q

Organ Systems

Lymphatic System (describe):

A

Organ Systems

Lymphatic System (describe):
Transportation of fluids. lymphocyte production, body defense
51
Q

Organ Systems

Digestive System (describe):

A

Organ Systems

Digestive System (describe):
Receives food, breaks down food, excretes waste
52
Q

Organ Systems

Respiratory System (describe):

A

Organ Systems

Respiratory System (describe):
Exchange of gasses
53
Q

Organ Systems

Urinary System (describe):

A

Organ Systems

Urinary System (describe):
Removes blood wastes, regulates electrolyte and water balance, blood pressure
54
Q

Organ Systems

Reproductive System (describe):

A

Organ Systems

Reproductive System (describe):
Male and female systems produce and transport sex sales.  Female also provides fetal development and childbirth
55
Q

Anatomical Terminology

Anatomical Position (describe):

A

Anatomical Terminology

Anatomical Position (describe):
Anatomical terms of relative position are based on a person standing in anatomical position
56
Q

Terms in Relative Position

Superior

A

Above

57
Q

Terms in Relative Position

Inferior

A

Below

58
Q

Terms in Relative Position

Anterior or Ventral

A

Toward the front

59
Q

Terms in Relative Position

Posterior of Dorsal

A

Toward the back

60
Q

Terms in Relative Position

Medial

A

Toward the midline

61
Q

Terms in Relative Position

Lateral

A

Away from midline

62
Q

Terms in Relative Position

Bilateral

A

Paired structure

63
Q

Terms in Relative Position

Ipsilateral

A

Same side

64
Q

Terms in Relative Position

Contralateral

A

Opposite sides

65
Q

Terms in Relative Position

Proximal

A

Close to point of attachment to trunk

66
Q

Terms in Relative Position

Distal

A

Farther from point of attachment to trunk

67
Q

Terms in Relative Position

Superficial

A

Close to body surface

68
Q

Terms in Relative Position

Deep

A

More internal

Anatomy & Physiology I (7 decks)

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