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Anatomy & Physiology I > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles of the Abdominal Wall

List:

A

Rectus Abdominis
External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transverse Abdominis

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2
Q

Muscles that Move the Arm

List:

A 
Levator Scapulae
Supraspinatus
Deltoid
Infraspinatus
Teres Major
Teres Minor
Triceps Brachii
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3
Q

Muscles that Move the Foot

List:

A 
Patella
Patellar Tendon
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
Tibia
Anterior Tibialis
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4
Q

Muscles that Move the Forearm

List:

A 
Clavicle
Brachialis
Biceps Brachii, short and long head
Coracobrachialis
Subscapularis
Trapezius
Deltoid
Medial Border of Scapula
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5
Q

Muscles that Move the Leg

List:

A 
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Maximus
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps Femoris, long and short heads
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6
Q

Muscles that Move the Thigh

List:

A 
Sartoris
Psoas Minor
Psoas Major
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Intermedius
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7
Q

Muscles that Move the Thigh (cont’d)

List:

A 
Tensor Fasciae Latae
Gluteus Minimis
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Maximus
Piriformis
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8
Q

Muscles that Move the Foot (cont’d)

List:

A

Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Soleus

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9
Q

Muscle group associated with the Brachial Plexus

List:

A

• Scalene muscles
o Posterior
o Medial
o Anterior

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10
Q

Main muscles that plantar flex the foot

List:

A 
•	Plantar flex
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
flexor digitorum longes
tibialis posterior
fibularis longus
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11
Q

Main muscles that dorsi flex the foot

List:

A

• Dorsi flex
tibialis anterior
fibularis tertius
extensor digitorium longus

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12
Q

Smooth Muscle (examples)

A

o Intestines, stomach, urinary bladder, blood vessels

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13
Q

Striated Muscle (examples)

A

o Skeletal muscle

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14
Q

Junctions in the blood-brain barrier

Describe:

A

o Membranes between cells merge and fuse
o Located among cells that form linings, sheetlike layers
o Blood-brain barrier

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15
Q

Mineral associated with muscle contraction

Describe:

A
  • Na and K ions generate the muscle impulse (action potential)
  • Impulse releases Ca which leads to muscle contraction
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16
Q

Proteins that make up the myofibril

Describe:

A
  • Thin actin filaments
  • Myosin protein; heads form crossbars
  • Both thick and thin filaments consist of sarcomeres end-to-end
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17
Q

Thin Actin Filaments

Describe:

A

o Composed of actin protein; associated with troponin and tropomyosin, which prevent crossbridge formation when muscle is not contracting thick myosin filaments

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18
Q

Function of Acetylcholinesterase

Describe:

A

• (Enzyme) rapidly decomposes ACh remaining in the synapse

19
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

Symptoms:

A
  • Antibodies attack Acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle fibers (motor end plates) in neuromuscular junctions
  • Person may have only 1/3 normal number of ACh receptors
  • Leads to widespread muscle weakness and muscle fatigue
20
Q

Muscles of the Rotator Cuff

Describe:

A
  • Supraspinatus muscle
  • Infraspinatus muscle
  • Teres minor muscle
  • Subscapularis muscle
21
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

Origin:

Insertion:

A

Latissimus Dorsi

Origin: spines of sacral, lumbar, and lower thoracic vertebrae, iliac crest, and lower limbs

Insertion: intertubercular sulcus of humerus

22
Q

Trapezius

Origin:

Insertion:

A

Trapezius

Origin: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of seventh cervical and all thoracic vertabrea

Insertion: clavicle, spine, and acromion process of scapula

23
Q

Biceps

Origin:

Insertion:

A

Biceps

Origin: coracoid process and tubercle above glenoid cavity of scapula

Insertion: radial tuberosity of radius

24
Q

Masseter

Origin:

Insertion:

A

Masseter

Origin: Zygomatic arch

Insertion: Lateral surface of ramus of mandible

25
Q

Origin

Define:

A

• Less moveable end

26
Q

Insertion

Define:

A

• More moveable end

27
Q

Hypertrophy

Define:

A

• Enlargement of skeletal muscle that is exercised

28
Q

Atrophy

Define:

A

• Decline or degeneration of muscle due to underuse or neglect

29
Q

Slow Twitch

Example:

A
  • Marathon runners
  • Contract slowly and take a long time to fatigue making them ideal for high endurance/aerobic exercises, such as walking or running.
30
Q

Fast Twitch, example

Example:

A
  • Sprinters and weight lifters
  • Contract quickly and fatigue quickly, making them ideal for short burst aerobic exercises, such as sprinting, hurdling and jumping
31
Q

Histology

Define:

A

• The study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals; the study of tissues

32
Q

Acetylcholine

Define:

A

• (ACh) is the neurotransmitter stimulus for contraction

33
Q

Myoneural Junction

Describe:

A
  • A type of synapse
  • Also called a myoneural junction
  • Site where an axon of motor neuron and skeletal muscle fiber interact
  • Skeletal muscle fibers contract only when stimulated by a motor neuron
34
Q

Parts of a Myoneural Junction:

Describe:

A 
o	Motor neuron
o	Motor end plate
o	Synaptic cleft
o	Synaptic vesicles
o	Neurotransmitters
35
Q

Sarcomere

Describe:

A

• Basic unit of striated muscle tissue

36
Q

Sarcoplasm

Describe:

A

• Cytoplasm of striated muscle cells

37
Q

Sarcolemma

Describe:

A

• Cell membrane of a striated muscle fiber cell

38
Q

Mediastinum

Describe:

A

• Mediastinum: region between lungs in thoracic cavity, which contains heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland

39
Q

Synergists

Describe:

A

• Muscles that assist agonist / prime mover

40
Q

Agonist

Describe:

A

• Muscle that causes an action

41
Q

Antagonist

Describe:

A

• Muscles whose contraction causes movement in the opposite direction of the prime mover

42
Q

Isotonic

Describe:

A

• Muscle contracts and changes length; equal force
o Concentric: shortening contraction
o Eccentric: lengthening contraction

43
Q

Isometric

Describe:

A

• Muscle contracts but does not change length; change in force

Anatomy & Physiology I (7 decks)

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