Chapter Seven (Part One)

Question 1

Bones (description)

Answer 1

Bones are the organs of the skeletal system and are composed of many tissues: bone tissue, cartilage, dense connective tissue, blood and nervous tissue

Question 2

Bones (function)

Answer 2

Support and protect softer tissues
Provide points of attachment for muscles
House blood-producing cells
Store inorganic salts

Question 3

Bones Vary Mostly in What Ways

Answer 3

Size

Shape

Question 4

Bones Are Similar in What Ways

Answer 4

Structure
Development
Function

Question 5

Bone Shape Classifications

Answer 5

Long Bones
Short Bones
Flat Bones
Irregular Bones

Question 6

Long Bones (describe)

Answer 6

Long and narrow

Have expanded ends

Question 7

Short Bones (describe)

Answer 7

Cubelike, length = width
Include sesamoid (round) bones, which are embedded in tendons

Question 8

Flat Bones (describe)

Answer 8

Platelike, with broad surfaces

Question 9

Irregular Bones (describe)

Answer 9

Variety of shapes

Most are connected to other bones

Question 10

Parts of a Long Bone

Epiphysis

Answer 10

Expanded end

Question 11

Parts of a Long Bone

Diaphysis:

Answer 11

Bone shaft

Question 12

Parts of a Long Bone

Metaphysis:

Answer 12

Between diaphysis and epiphysis, widening part

Question 13

Parts of a Long Bone

Articular Cartilage:

Answer 13

Covers epiphysis

Question 14

Parts of a Long Bone

Periosteum:

Answer 14

Encloses bone; dense connective tissue

Question 15

Parts of a Long Bone

Compact (cortical) Bone:

Answer 15

Wall of diaphysis

Question 16

Parts of a Long Bone

Spongy (cancellous) Bone:

Answer 16

Makes up epiphyses

Question 17

Parts of a Long Bone

Trabeculae

Answer 17

Branching bony plates, make up spongy bone

Question 18

Parts of a Long Bone

Medullary Cavity

Answer 18

Hollow chamber in diaphysis; contains marrow

Question 19

Parts of a Long Bone

Endosteum

Answer 19

Lines spaces, cavity

Question 20

Parts of a Long Bone

Bone Marrow:

Answer 20

Red or yellow marrow, lines medullary cavity, spongy bone spaces

Question 21

Osteocytes (define)

Answer 21

Mature bone cells

Question 22

Lacunae (define)

Answer 22

Chambers occupied by osteocytes

Question 23

Canaliculi (define)

Answer 23

Tiny passageways where steocytes exchange nutrients and wastes via cell processes

Question 24

Extracellular Matrix of the Bone (describe)

Answer 24

Largely collagen fibers and inorganic salts:
Collagen gives bone resilience
Inorganic salts

Question 25

Types of Internal Bone Structure

Answer 25

Compact bone

Spongy bone

Question 26

Compact Bone (describe)

Answer 26

Consists of cylindrical units called osteons
Strong and solid
Weight-bearing
Resists compression

Question 27

Spongy Bone (describe)

Answer 27

Consists of branching plates called trabeculae
Somewhat flexible
Nutrients diffuse through canaliculi

Question 28

Lamellae (describe)

Answer 28

Layers of matrix around central canal

Question 29

Bones form when…

Answer 29

Bone tissue replaces existing connective tissue as intramembranous bones or as endochondral bones

Question 30

Intramembranous Bones (describe)

Answer 30

Originate within sheetlike layers of connective tissue
Broad, flat bones
Examples: Flat bones of the skull, clavicles, sternum, and some facial bones (mandible, maxilla, zygomatic)

Question 31

Endochondral Bones (describe)

Answer 31

Begin as masses of hyaline cartilage
Most bones of the skeleton
Examples: Femur, humerus, radius, tibia, phalanges, vertebrae

Question 32

Intramembranous Ossification (describe)

Answer 32

Process of replacing embryonic connective tissue to form intramembranous bone

Question 33

Osteoblasts (describe)

Answer 33

Bone-forming cells that deposit bone matrix around

themselves

Question 34

Endochondral Ossification

Answer 34

Process of replacing hyaline cartilage to form an endochondral bone

Question 35

Chondrocytes (describe)

Answer 35

Cartilage cells