Midterm Review Flashcards
Organ
Structures composed of two or more tissues that perform specific functions
Tissues
Groups of cells of similar structure and function and the materials surrounding them
Four primary tissue types are
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
Organ system
Organ systems interact to form a whole functioning organism, there are 12 organ systems in the body
Six levels of organization in the body
Chemical Cell level Tissue Organ Organ system Organism
Metabolism
Metabolism all of the chemical reactions taking place in the body
Catabolism
The break down of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones
Anabolism
The synthesis of complex molecules by combining simpler ones
Where is the frontal plane (coronal) located
Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
Where is the Sagittal plane located
Divides the body into right and left parts
Where is the transverse plane located
Divides the body into superior and posterior parts
Homeostasis
The condition in which the body functions, fluids, and other factors of the internal environment are maintained at levels suitable to support life
Negative feedback
Operate to maintain homeostasis
Negative feedback systems consist of a receptor, control center, and effector
Positive feedback mechanisms
Usually increase deviations from normal
Most positive feedback systems are harmful
Anatomical position
A human standing erect with the face directed forward, the arms hanging to the side, and the palms facing forward, is in the anatomical position
Supine
Person lying upward
Prone
A person lying downward
Nine regions of the abdomen from top right to bottom left
Right hypochondriac Epigastric Left hypochondriac
Right lumbar Umbilical Left lumbar
Right iliac Hypogastric Left iliac
Four quadrants of the abdomen
Right upper, left upper
Right lower, left lower
What does and ionic compound do when placed in water
Water is equally poker so it breaks down the ionic compound
Cells
The basic living unit of plants and animals
Conditions that increase the rate of a reaction
Heat, adding more reactants etc.
Abundant elements or trace elements in the body and race elements
CHON
Enzymes
Enzymes do not change the rate of the reaction but will lower the activation energy required for it to occur
Properties of water
Water is important in the body as filtration, cushioning, and temperature control
RNA
Nucleotides are composed of the monosaccharide ribose, the organic bases are the same as for DNA, except thymine is replaced with uracil
Diffusion
The movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration
Osmosis
The diffusion of water (solvent) across a selectively permeable membrane
Active transport
A mediated transport process that requires energy by ATP
Mediated transport
Involves carrier proteins or channels within the plasma membrane that move large, water-soluble molecule or electrically charged more carrier proteins have their binding sites occupied
Passive transport
Does not require energy
Concentration gradient
Particles moving from and area of higher concentration to lower concentration
Striae
Stretch marks
Papillae
Projections in the papillary layer that extend towards the epidermis
Hydroxyapatite
The inorganic material of bones is hydroxyapatite, it primarily consists of calcium phosphate crystal,
The organic material of bones
35% and primarily consists of collagen and proteoglycans
Lamellae
Lamellar bone is mature bone that is organized into thin sheets or layers called lamellae
Woven bone is broken down to form
Lamellar bone
Osteon
Or haversian system, consists of a single central canal, it’s contents, and associated concentric lamellae and osteocytes
Volkmann’s canals
Canals that hold blood vessels and nerves and are perpendicular to Haversian canals in bone
Endochondral bone formation
Involves the use of mesenchymal cells
Mesenchyme
Embryonic tissue, it forms in the embryo during the third and fourth weeks of fetal development, the structure of mucous connective tissue found in the umbilical chord is similar to Mesenchyme
