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Anatomy > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

Organ

A

Structures composed of two or more tissues that perform specific functions

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2
Q

Tissues

A

Groups of cells of similar structure and function and the materials surrounding them

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3
Q

Four primary tissue types are

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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4
Q

Organ system

A

Organ systems interact to form a whole functioning organism, there are 12 organ systems in the body

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5
Q

Six levels of organization in the body

A 
Chemical
Cell level
Tissue 
Organ 
Organ system 
Organism
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6
Q

Metabolism

A

Metabolism all of the chemical reactions taking place in the body

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7
Q

Catabolism

A

The break down of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones

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8
Q

Anabolism

A

The synthesis of complex molecules by combining simpler ones

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9
Q

Where is the frontal plane (coronal) located

A

Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

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10
Q

Where is the Sagittal plane located

A

Divides the body into right and left parts

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11
Q

Where is the transverse plane located

A

Divides the body into superior and posterior parts

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12
Q

Homeostasis

A

The condition in which the body functions, fluids, and other factors of the internal environment are maintained at levels suitable to support life

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13
Q

Negative feedback

A

Operate to maintain homeostasis

Negative feedback systems consist of a receptor, control center, and effector

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14
Q

Positive feedback mechanisms

A

Usually increase deviations from normal

Most positive feedback systems are harmful

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15
Q

Anatomical position

A

A human standing erect with the face directed forward, the arms hanging to the side, and the palms facing forward, is in the anatomical position

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16
Q

Supine

A

Person lying upward

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17
Q

Prone

A

A person lying downward

18
Q

Nine regions of the abdomen from top right to bottom left

A

Right hypochondriac Epigastric Left hypochondriac
Right lumbar Umbilical Left lumbar
Right iliac Hypogastric Left iliac

19
Q

Four quadrants of the abdomen

A

Right upper, left upper

Right lower, left lower

20
Q

What does and ionic compound do when placed in water

A

Water is equally poker so it breaks down the ionic compound

21
Q

Cells

A

The basic living unit of plants and animals

22
Q

Conditions that increase the rate of a reaction

A

Heat, adding more reactants etc.

23
Q

Abundant elements or trace elements in the body and race elements

A

CHON

24
Q

Enzymes

A

Enzymes do not change the rate of the reaction but will lower the activation energy required for it to occur

25
Q

Properties of water

A

Water is important in the body as filtration, cushioning, and temperature control

26
Q

RNA

A

Nucleotides are composed of the monosaccharide ribose, the organic bases are the same as for DNA, except thymine is replaced with uracil

27
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration

28
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water (solvent) across a selectively permeable membrane

29
Q

Active transport

A

A mediated transport process that requires energy by ATP

30
Q

Mediated transport

A

Involves carrier proteins or channels within the plasma membrane that move large, water-soluble molecule or electrically charged more carrier proteins have their binding sites occupied

31
Q

Passive transport

A

Does not require energy

32
Q

Concentration gradient

A

Particles moving from and area of higher concentration to lower concentration

33
Q

Striae

A

Stretch marks

34
Q

Papillae

A

Projections in the papillary layer that extend towards the epidermis

35
Q

Hydroxyapatite

A

The inorganic material of bones is hydroxyapatite, it primarily consists of calcium phosphate crystal,

36
Q

The organic material of bones

A

35% and primarily consists of collagen and proteoglycans

37
Q

Lamellae

A

Lamellar bone is mature bone that is organized into thin sheets or layers called lamellae

38
Q

Woven bone is broken down to form

A

Lamellar bone

39
Q

Osteon

A

Or haversian system, consists of a single central canal, it’s contents, and associated concentric lamellae and osteocytes

40
Q

Volkmann’s canals

A

Canals that hold blood vessels and nerves and are perpendicular to Haversian canals in bone

41
Q

Endochondral bone formation

A

Involves the use of mesenchymal cells

42
Q

Mesenchyme

A

Embryonic tissue, it forms in the embryo during the third and fourth weeks of fetal development, the structure of mucous connective tissue found in the umbilical chord is similar to Mesenchyme

Anatomy (9 decks)

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