Midterm review Flashcards
photon
A particle of electromagnetic radiation with no mass that carries a quantum of energy (p. 123)
electron cloud
the area around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are most likely to be found.
emission spectra
The spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted due to an atom or molecule making a transition from a high energy state to a lower energy state.
atomic orbital
A 3-D region around the nucleus that describes the electron’s probable location (p. 132)
valence electrons
The electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals ; determines the chemical properties of an element. (p. 140)
noble gas
group 8A elements, extremely unreactive elements
electron
A negatively charged, fast-moving particle with an extremely small mass that is found in all forms of matter and moves through the empty space surrounding an atom’s nucleus. (p. 93)
electron configuration
The arrangement of electrons in an atom, which is prescribed by 3 rules: the aufbau principle, the Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund’s Rule (p. 135)
energy levels (principal and sublevels)
n specifies the atom’s major energy levels, up to 7 energy levels, n=1 ground state
Principal levels contain sublevels: s, p, d, f according to the shape of the orbital
average atomic mass
atomic mass: the weighted average mass of the isotopes of that element. (p. 102)
mass number
The number after an element’s name, representing the sum of its protons and neutrons. (p. 100)
oxidation state
oxidation: The loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance; increases an atom’s oxidation number (p. 637)
symbolic notation
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isotope notation
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Pauli’s exclusion principle
States that a maximum of two electrons may occupy a single atomic orbital, but only if the electrons have opposite spins. (p. 136)
