Chapter 6: The PT & Periodic Law Flashcards
John Newlands
Classical piano player/scientist. He noticed that properties of elements repeated similarly to an octave (in eighths). “Law of Octaves”. People thought that this musical analogy was unscientific
Lothar Meyer & Dimitri Mendeleev
Copy from class notes
Periodic law
The statement that there is a periodic repetition of chemical and physical properties of the elements when they are arranged by increasing atomic number.
Groups
Column/family of the PT
Periods
Rows on the PT
Representative elements
Groups designated with an A (1A-8A). They possess a wide range of chemical & physical properties.
Transition elements
(The ones in the middle of the table). Groupz designated with a B (1B-8B)
Metals
Elements that are... ALL GROUP B ELEMENTS (and most group A) Shiny when smooth & clean Solid at room temp GOOD CONDUCTORS (of heat/electricity) (Also... Most are malleable- can be pounded into thin sheets & ductile- can be drawn in wires
Alkali metals
Group 1A.
Chemically reactive. More reactive than alkaline earth metals.
Alkaline earth metals
Group 2A elements
Chemically reactive
Inner transition metals
2 sets located along bottom of PT known as the lanthanide & actinide series
Transition metals
Group B elements not in the lanthanide and actinide series.
Nonmetals
Elements that are generally gases or brittle, dull-looking solids. POOR CONDUCTORS of heat & electricity. Bromine: ONLY nonmetal that is liquid at room temp
Halogens
Highly reactive group 7A
Noble gases
Group 8A, extremely unreactive
Metalloids
Have physical and chemical properties of both metals and Nonmetals. Ex: Silicon, geranium
Antoine Lavoisier
Compiled a list of 23 elements in 1790s
