Chapter 9: Covalent Bonding Flashcards
coordinate covalent bond
p. 257 When one atom DONATES a pair of electrons to be shared with an atom or ion that needs two electrons to become stable.
covalent bond
p. 242 The chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons.
endothermic
p. 247 Endothermic reactions occur when a greater amount of energy is required to break the existing bonds in the reactants than is released when the new bonds form in the product molecules.
exothermic
p. 247 Exothermic reactions occur when more energy is released forming new bonds than is required to break bonds in the initial product molecules.
hybridization
p. 261 A process in which atomic orbitals are mixed to form new, identical hybrid orbitals. Each new hybrid orbital contains one electron that it can share with another atom.
What is Lewis structure and how is it used?
p. 243 Use electron-dot diagrams to show how electrons are arranged in molecules.
molecule
p. 242 Formed when two or more atoms bond covalently.
oxyacid
p. 250 Any acid that contains hydrogen and an oxyanion.
pi bond
p. 246 A pi bond is formed when parallel orbitals overlap to share electrons
polar covalent
p. 264 Unequal sharing of electrons.
resonance
p. 256 A condition that occurs when more than one valid Lewis structure can be written for a molecule or ion.
sigma bond
p. 245 Single covalent bonds. They occur when the electron pair is shared in an area CENTERED between the two atoms.
structural formula
p. 252 A useful molecular model which uses letter symbols and bonds to show relative positions of atoms. It can be predicted by using the Lewis structures (for most compounds).
VSEPR model
p. 259 Used to determine the shape of a molecule (the molecular geometry). IT is based on an arrangement that minimizes the repulsion of shared and unshared pairs of electrons around the center atom.
affinity
electron affinity???????
