MIDTERM: QUIZ 1 Flashcards
communication, space, time
orientation, social organization, environmental
control, and biologic variations
COMMUNICATION
GIGER & DAVIDHIZAR (1999)
the Latin verb communicare
“to make
common, share, participate, or impart”.
is a continuous process by which
one person may affect another through written or oral
language, gestures, facial expressions, body
language, space, or other symbols.
Communication
Nurses need to have not only a working knowledge of
communication with clients of the same culture but also a
thorough awareness of racial, cultural and social factors
Communication and culture are
closely intertwined.
Communication is the means by which culture is
transmitted and preserved.
Other cultural variables, such as the
perception of time,
bodily contact, and territorial rights, also influence
communication.
area within anthropology concerned with the
study of the structure of language.
LINGUISTICS
COMMUNICATION MAY BE CONCEPTUALIZED AS A
PROCESS THAT INCLUDES A
SENDER, A
TRANSMITTING DEVICE, SIGNALS, A RECEIVER, AND
FEEDBACK.
attempts to relay a message, an idea, or
information to another person or group through the
use of signal and symbols
A sender
Many factors influence how the message is given and
how it is received
PEKSA
physical health,
● emotional well-being
knowledge of the matter being discussed,
● skill at communication, and
● attitudes toward the other person and the
subject being discussed
Communication first of all involves language or verbal
communication, including
vocabulary or a repertoire of
words and grammatical structure.
significant communication cues are received from
VIRSP
voice
quality, intonation, rhythm, and speed, as well as from the
pronunciation used.
nonverbal messages, which
include t
TFEBS
touch, facial expressions, eye behavior, body
posture, and the use of space.
affects communication and encompasses a variety of
behaviors, including movement and proximity to others
and to objects in the environment
Spatial behavior
It shapes
experiences and influence cultural perceptions. It also
conveys interpretations and influence relationships.
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
have a special psychological and cultural
significance
NAMES
are reflected in grammatical
structure and the use and meaning of phrases
Cultural differences
“that’s alright” is a phrase frequently
used by African-Americans when they
actually mean,
“I have some plans, but I am
not telling you what they are”.
may vary not
only with culture but also with social class
Length of sentence and speech forms
provide cues to
social status and class
SWAG
Word
choice, grammatical structure, speech
fluency, and articulation
also a speech variation that may prove to be
a barrier to communication.
Jargon
refers to something
beyond the word themselves.
Paralinguistic or Paralanguage
can
add an important element to communication.
Voice quality, which includes pitch and range
s important to remember that amplifying the volume
does not necessarily equate with being understood or
understanding.
Nurses must remember when they are assessing the
client that ______________________________________ is an important
cultural consideration.
paralinguistic behavior
an important aspect of the
communication message.
INTONATION
Americans put commands in the form of suggestions and
often as questions, whereas Arabic speech contains muc
emphasis and exaggeration
Some African-American ministers use a ________ rhythm
to deliver fiery sermons.
singsong
also varies from culture to culture, some
people have a melodic _______ to their verbal
communication
rhythm
A depress person tend to talk
slowly and quietly
The rate and volume of speech frequently provide a clue
to an individual’s moo
SPEED
includes words and expressions not
commonly found in Standard English and is
sometimes spoken by African-Americans.
Black English
speak in dialect when they
do not want others to understand what is being used
Some African-Americans
may be thoughtful, or they may be blank and
empty when the individual has nothing to say
Silences
conversation may also indicate
stubbornness and resistance, apprehension, or
discomfort.
Silence
Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as
extremely uncomfortable
are
speaking and suddenly stops, what may be
implied is that the person wants the nurse to
consider the content of what has been said
before continuing.
many American Indians, some
traditional Chinese and Japanese
English and Arabic persons use silence for
privacy
Russian, French and Spanish persons may
use silence to
indicate agreement between
parties.
Some persons in Asian cultures may view
silence as a
sign of respect, particularly
toward an elder
Mexicans may use silence when
n instructions
are given by a person in authority rather
than showing the disrespect of
disagreement
Hall (1966) suggested that ____ of the message received
in communication is nonverbal
65%
It is important for the nurse to be aware not only of the
client’s nonverbal behavior but also of
but also of personal nonverbal behavior that may
add to, undo, or contradict verbal communication.
a powerful form of
communication that can be used to bridge distances
between nurse and client
Touch, or tactile sensation