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Anatomy Lab > Midterm - Psoriasis > Flashcards

Midterm - Psoriasis Flashcards

1
Q

a chronic skin disease result in patches of thick red skin covered with
the silvery scales

A

Psoriasis

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2
Q

These patches are referred as plaque which usually occur on the elbow,
knees, legs, scalp, lower back, face, palm and sole of the feet, nails

A

Psoriasis

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3
Q

These patches are referred as plaque which usually occur on the

A

elbow,
knees,
legs,
scalp,
lower back,
face,
palm and
sole of the feet,
nails

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4
Q

The word psoriasis is derive from greek word

A

‘psora’ →means ‘itching

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5
Q

A greek physician that use the term Psoriasis
vulgaris to refer all dermo and epidermopathies accompanied by Pruritus

A

Galen of perganon

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6
Q

refer all dermo and epidermopathies accompanied by Pruritus

A

Psoriasis vulgaris

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7
Q

Since ____ local application and systemic medications are used for the psoriasis

A

1950

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8
Q

defined as a persistent skin disease causes cell to
build rapidly on the surface of the skin, forming thick silvery, ”scales, itchy,dry and red patches

A

Psoriasis

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9
Q

Psoriasis is seen from _____ of americans and the western countries

A

1-3%

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10
Q

Lower rates are found in _________ and psoriasis is rare in ____ ________

A

Japanese, West Africans

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11
Q

Psoriasis first appears during 2 peak age ranges

A

16-22 years old
56-60 years old

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12
Q

Some of the factors that may trigger psoriasis are:

A

Genetic
Autoimmune reaction Infection
Injury to skin
Stress
Obesity
smoking

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13
Q

Medications for Psoriasis

A

lithium
antimalarial medications inderal
indomethacin

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14
Q

STRESS, GENECTIC, AUTOIMMUNE REACTION AND MEDICATION CAUSE

A

HYPERACTIVE OF T-CELLS

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15
Q

HYPERACTIVE OF T-CELLS causes it which DEREGULATED INFLAMMATORY PROCESS

A

EPIDERMIS INFILTRATION AND KERATINOCYTE PROLIFERATION

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16
Q

DEREGULATED INFLAMMATORY PROCESS causes

A

LARGE PRODUCTION OF VARIOUS CYTOKINES ( INTEFERRON, INTERLEUKIN-12)

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17
Q

Examples of Cytokines

A

INTEFERRON
INTERLEUKIN-12

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18
Q

LARGE PRODUCTION OF VARIOUS CYTOKINES leads to

A

SUPERFICIAL BLOOD VESSEL DILATED

VASCULAR ENGORGEMENT

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19
Q

SUPERFICIAL BLOOD VESSEL DILATED AND
VASCULAR ENGORGEMENT could lead to

A

EPIDERMAL HYPERPLASIA AND IMPROPER CELL
MATURATION

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20
Q

EPIDERMAL HYPERPLASIA AND IMPROPER CELL
MATURATION causes

A

FAILS TO RELEASE ADEQUATE LIPIDS WHICH LEAD TO FLAKING, SCALING PRESENTATION OF PSORIASIS LESION

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21
Q

FAILS TO RELEASE ADEQUATE LIPIDS WHICH LEAD TO

A

FLAKING, SCALING PRESENTATION OF PSORIASIS LESION

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22
Q

FAILS TO RELEASE ADEQUATE LIPIDS WHICH LEAD TO FLAKING, SCALING PRESENTATION OF PSORIASIS LESION. This could cause

A

SILVER SCALING OF SKIN

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23
Q

There are several types of psoriasis include

A

Plaque psoriasis
Guttate psoriasis
Inverse psoriasis
Pustular psoriasis
Erythrodermic psoriasis
Nail psoriasis
Psoriatic arthritis

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24
Q

-most common type of psoriasis.
-also known as psoriasis vulgaris
-appear as raised, inflammed
- red skin covered by silvery patches or scales

A

PLAQUE PSORIASIS

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25
Q

PLAQUE PSORIASIS is seen on

A

Elbows, Knees, sacrum,Scalp, lower back, Hands and Fee

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26
Q

PLAQUE PSORIASIS isa also termed as

A

psoriasis vulgaris

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27
Q

Characterized by eruption of small (0.5 to 1.5 cm in diameter) papules over the upper trunk and proximal extremities

A

GUTTATE PSORIASIS

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28
Q

GUTTATE PSORIASIS
manifests at an

A

early age

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29
Q

Latin Gutta means

A

drop

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30
Q

*_________________ __________infection frequently
precedes or is concomitant with the onset
or flare

A

Streptococcal throat

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31
Q

Localized in the major skin folds, such as the axilla, the inguinal and inflammatory areas and sweating areas

A

INVERSE PSORIASIS

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32
Q

INVERSE PSORIASIS is commonly seen on

A

Obese clients

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33
Q

Scaling is usually minimal or absent, and the lesions appear glossy, smooth and bright red.

A

INVERSE PSORIASIS

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34
Q

It is usually uncommon but mostly appear in adults. It appear as pus filled lesion surrounded by red skin. It is the serious condition so immediate medical attention is required.

A

PUSTULAR PSORIASIS

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35
Q

PUSTULAR PSORIASIS appear mostly at _____ & ______

A

hands and feet.

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36
Q

The disease affects all body sites. Erythema is the most prominent feature with superficial scaling / peeling that may appear like burning

A

ERYTHRODERMIC
PSORIASIS

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37
Q

_______ is the most prominent feature
with superficial scaling / peeling that may
appear like burning

A

Erythema

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38
Q

ERYTHRODERMIC
PSORIASIS could be caused by

A

sun burn
allergic reaction
strong coal product use

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39
Q

Commonly seen along with psoriatic arthritis. It appear as a pitting –small- bit nail, yellow-brown nail, tender and painful nail with chalk like debris build up under nails

A

NAIL PSORIASIS

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40
Q

NAIL PSORIASIS is Treated by ________ ________- into nail or ______ _______

A

steroid injected
light therapy

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41
Q

If one has NAIL PSORIASIS, you should keep the nails _____ & ______

A

short and trimmed

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42
Q

This is the condition which involve both psoriasis and joint inflammation

A

PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS

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43
Q

its appearance of the destruction characteristic of the PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS

A

Pencil appearance

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44
Q

An effect of the metatarsal bone being jammed into the base of the toe

A

cup and saucer effect

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45
Q

The most distinctive features of psoriatic arthritis are

A

Distal interphalangeal joint arthritis
Dactylitis

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46
Q

It will vary according to types of at psoriasis.
Intially the first sign of psoriasis is often

A

red spots on the body
The patches of skin Dry
swollen and inflammed
Covered with silver white flakes
Raised and thick skin

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47
Q

Other symptoms of psoriasis includes:

A

Pain
Itching
burning

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48
Q

A Restricted joint motion or pain ,Cracked and bleeding skin, Dandruff on scalp, Pus filled blisters, Genital lesions in males Pitting, small depression on the surface of the nail Yellow, discolored nail

A

Koebner phenomenon Arthritis

49
Q

to do DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATIONS, one must

A

Collect history
Physical examinations
Skin biopsy : under local- anesthesia
Blood and radiography

50
Q

test was done
to rule out psoriatic arthritis

A

Blood and radiography

51
Q

Skin biopsy : under

A

local- anesthesia

52
Q

the MEDICAL MANAGEMENT aim of psoriasis is to

A

-Interrupt the cycle that cause an increased production of skin cells
-reducing inflammation and –plaque formation
-Remove scales and smooth skin

53
Q

Remove scales and smooth skin which is particularly remove by

A

topical treatment

54
Q

Psoriasis treatment is divided into three main type

A

Topical treatment
Light therapy
Systemic medications

55
Q

commonly first-line therapy in mild to moderate psoriasis and in sites
such as the flexures and genitalia, where other topical treatments can
induce irritation and skin folds.

A

Topical corticosteroids

56
Q

Topical corticosteroids Improvement is usually achieved within

A

2 to 4 weeks

57
Q

They slows the cells turnover by suppressing the immune system
which reduce inflammation and relieves associated itching

A

Topical corticosteroids

58
Q

use for smaller area of skin like hands and feet.

A
  • Strong corticosteroids
59
Q
  • Long term use of Strong corticosteroids may cause
A

thinning of skin and resistance.

60
Q

are usually recommended for sensitive area and treating wide spread patches damage skin.

A

Low potency steroids

61
Q

To avoid systemic effects of ______ __________ a maximum of ____ ointment may be used per week

A

class I glucocorticoid,,50 g

62
Q

For small plaques (< 4cm)
-_____________ ____________ aqueous suspension ________ diluted with
normal saline is injected into the lesion

A

triamcinolone acetonide, 10 mg/mL

63
Q

Calcipotriene (calcipotriol) example brand name

A

Betdaivonex

64
Q

Potent_____ ______________ are superior to calcipotriene.

A

topical corticosteroids

65
Q

calcipotriene was more effective than ____ ___ or __________

A

coal tar or anthralin

66
Q

The efficacy of _____________ is not reduced with long-term
treatment

A

calcipotriene

67
Q

calcipotriene generally should be applied _____ daily

A

twice

68
Q

It inactivates calcipotriene

A
  • Salicylic acid
69
Q

the only major concern of using Calcipotriene is

A

Hypercalcemia

70
Q

When the amount used does not exceed the recommended ______________, calcipotriene can be used with a great margin of safety

A

100 g/week

71
Q

Calcipotriene is often used in combination with or in rotation with _________ ______________ in an effort to maximize therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing steroid- related skin atrophy.

A

topical corticosteroids

72
Q

Other vitamin D analogues are

A

tacalcitol and maxacalcitol

73
Q
  • In view of their efficacy, cosmetic
    acceptability and relative safety, tacalcitol and maxacalcitol may accepted as first-choice therapies in the topical treatment of
    ______ to ______________ _____________.
A

mild to moderate psoriasis

74
Q

it is used to treat skin diseases dates back nearly 2000 years

A

Coal Tar

75
Q

The use of tar to treat skin diseases dates back nearly _____ ______

A

2000 years

76
Q

is the dry distillation product of organic matter heated in the
absence of oxygen

A

Tar

77
Q

In 1925, Goeckerman introduced ____ ____________ _____________
which uses crude coal tar and UV light for the treatment of
psoriasi

A

“The Goekerman technique”

78
Q

He introduced “The Goekerman technique

A

Goekerman

79
Q

The Goekerman technique is developed on

A

1925

80
Q

Coal tar, in concentrations ________ can be compounded in creams, ointments, shampoos and in
pastes

A

5- 20%

81
Q

Coal tar is often combined with ________ _____ (2-5% ), which by its keratolytic action leads to better absorption of
the coal tar

A

salicylic acid

82
Q

Coal tar’s Disadvantages include: allergic reactions, folliculitis, it has foul smell and appearance and can stain clothing and other items. It is also a ___________

A

carcinogenic

83
Q

Tazarotene’s brand names are

A

zar, Zarotex

84
Q

It is a third-generation retinoid
* It reduces mainly scaling and plaque thickness,with limited effectiveness on erythema by
normalize the DNA activity

A

Tazarotene

85
Q

it is available in ______ & ______ gels, and a cream

A

0.05% and 0.1 %

86
Q

it is available in ______ & ______ gels, and a cream

A

0.05% and 0.1 %

87
Q

when Tazarotene is used as a monotherapy, a significant
proportion of patients develop local
irritation(especially with the __ formulations).

A

1%

88
Q

Tazarotene is use along with ___________ ______

A

sun screen lotion

89
Q

They inhibit activation of T- cells which inturn reduces inflammation and plaque build up.

A

Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors & Pimecrolimus

90
Q

Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors (TCI) example are

A

Tacrolimus”Tarolimus”

91
Q

Pimecrolimus cream example is

A

Elidel

92
Q

Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors
& Pimecrolimus are not effective in

A

plaque psoriasis

93
Q

However, Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors & Pimecrolimus , for treatment of ________ & __________ ___________, these agents appear to provide effective treatment

A

inverse and facial
psoriasis

94
Q

Between treatment periods, skin care with emollients should be performed to avoid ________

A

dryness

95
Q

They reduce scaling, may limit painful fissuring, and can help control pruritus

A

Emollients

96
Q

Emollients are best applied immediately after

A

bathing or showering

97
Q

The use emollients in combination with________ __________ improves hydration while minimizing treatment costs

A

topical treatments

98
Q

MED is also knwon as

A

minimal erythema dose

99
Q

In minimal erythema dose. The patient wears a thick cotton
shirt which has __ small, vertical
holes on its back

A

10

100
Q

The patient is exposed to __ __ of
UV on the back while all the holes
are opened

A

50 mj

101
Q

The first hole is closed and another exposure is given By that time the skin under the first hole was exposed to __ __ of UV while the skin under the second hole
was exposed to ____ ___

A

50 mj, 100 mj

102
Q

After 24-72 hours the skin of the back is examined and the first skin area showing well-defined erythema is determined and the amount of UV causing it is called

A

the minimal erythema dose

103
Q

a wavelength of light in a range too short for human eye to see

A

Ultraviolet light

104
Q

When exposed to the UV light ,the activated ________ in the skin are
destroy which lead reduces scaling and inflammation

A

T–cells

105
Q

Sun exposure should be for brief duration of time to improve

A

psoriasis

106
Q

Control dose of UVB light from an artificial- light source may improve ____ to ___________ __________symptoms

A

mild to moderate psoriasis

107
Q

UVB phototherapy is also called-

A

Broadband UVB

108
Q

can be use to treat to single
patches and psoriasis resistant to topical treatment

A

ULTRAVIOLET BOARDBAND PHOTOTHERAPY

109
Q

Side effect: reddness, dryness and itching- which can be minimize by using moisturizer

A

ULTRAVIOLET BOARDBAND PHOTOTHERAPY

110
Q

involves taking light- sensitizing medication (psoralen) before
exposure to UVA light

A

Photochemotherapy

111
Q

UVA light penetrate deeper in skin and- _________ make more responsive to UVA
exposure

A

psoralen

112
Q

Side effect:
Nausea
Headache
burningitching, wrinkle skin or skin cancer

A

Photochemotherapy

113
Q

A controlled beam of UVB light of a specific wavelength is directed to
the psoriasis plaque to control scaling and inflammation

A

EXIMER LASER

114
Q

In the EXIMER LASER, It does not harm healthy skin and a More powerful ___ _____is used

A

UVB light

115
Q

Side effects of using Eximer Laser are

A

Side effect : redness and blistering

116
Q

used different form of light to destroy the tiny blood vessel that
contribute to psoriasis plaque

A

Pulse dye laser

117
Q

Pulse dye laser’s side effects are

A

bruising, scarring

118
Q

Combine UV light with other treatment such as retinoids frequently improve phototherapy effectiveness

A

COMBINATION LIGHT THERAPY

119
Q

Vitamin a is also called

A

Retinol

Anatomy Lab (7 decks)

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