Midterm - Dermis Flashcards
beneath the epidermis and is
composed of connective tissue.
dermis
dermis is beneath the
epidermis and is
composed of
connective
tissue
dermis is divided into two layers…
Papillary layer
Reticular Layer
It is arranged into microscopic
structures that form ridges. These are the finger- and footprints
Papillary layer
beneath the papillary layer; it is a white fibrous tissue that
supports the blood vessels
reticular layer
composed of adipose and
connective tissue. It supports, nourishes, insulates, and cushions the skin
subcutaneous tissue
or hypodermis
a threadlike structure formed
by a group of cells that develop within a hair follicle or socket
Hair
It is attached to the side of each follicle which causes goose flesh or goose pimples.
pilomotor muscle
Each hair has a _____ that is visible
shaft
Each hair has a shaft that is visible and a root that is embedded in the ________
follicle
At the base of each hair follicle is a bulb enclosing a loop of capillaries which provides nourishment to the hair
Hair papilla
It is one of the few living parts of the hair, and is responsible for hair growth.
Hair Papilla
It →covers the hair shaft like shingles on a roof, protecting it from the elements and chemicals, and from losing moisture
cuticle
It provides most of the hair’s weight. It contains melanin which provides color to the hair, stores oils, provides flexibility and elasticity, and
adds shape to the hair.
Cortex
When the cuticle is damaged and exposes the cortex
hair looks dull and dry
an inner hollow core that runs the
length of the shaft.
medulla
are oil glands. They have tiny ducts that open into each hair follicle
Sebaceous glands
Each sebaceous gland secretes ______, which lubricates the hair and skin.
sebum
The amount of secretion varies with
age, puberty, and pregnancy
Are hard keratin structures that protect the ends of the fingers and toes.
Fingernails and toenails
begins several millimeters into the finger and extends to the edge of the white, crescent-shaped lunula.
nail root/ germinal matrix / nailbed,
white, crescent-shape seen in the nail
Lunula
This is where the growth occurs…
approximately _____. per week.
1 mm
The under-surface of the ________/_______ of the nail has grooves that help
anchor it.
nail plate or body
It fuses the nail plate and the skin of the finger together to form a waterproof barrier
cuticle / eponychium
The cuticle is also called the
eponychium
It is under the free edge of the nail. It also creates a waterproof barrier, fusing the skin of the finger to the underside of the nail plate.
Hyponychium
Simply those that have curled down or around and are growing into the skin.
Ingrown nail
Ingrown nails may become
e swollen and inflamed
They are sweat glands. About 2 million are distributed over the surface of the body, more numerous on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, forehead, and axillae or underarms
Sudoriferous glands
Sweat glands produce
sweat / perspiration
It also rids the body of waste through
the pores of the skin.
Sweat
The average person loses
approximately _______ of fluid
through sweating each day.
1/2 liter
one of the most important element in the process of scar formation, while epidermal and endothelial cells exert synergistic effects as well.
Fibroblast
in the process of scar formation, _____________ & ____________ ______ exert synergistic effects as
well
epidermal and endothelial cells
A deep, thick layer of skin
Dermis
form when the dermis is damaged.
Scars
a naturally occurring protein in
the body
collagen
The body forms new collagen fibers to mend the damage, resulting in a
scar
usually composed of fibrous tissue. It may be formed for many different reasons, including as a result of infections, surgery,
injuries, or inflammation of tissue.
scar
A scar may appear
flat, lumpy, sunken, or colored.
When a person has an injury, the body responds by repairing the
damaged tissue, which creates
scar tissue.
a collection of cells and collagen that covers the site of the injury. People can develop scar tissue on their skin as the result of an injury, surgery, or acne
scar tissue.
As part of the healing process, specialized cells called ____________ in
adjacent areas of skin →produce a fibrous connective tissue made up
of collagen. The bundles formed by these whitish inelastic fibres make
up the bulk of the scar tissue.
fibroblasts
3 STAGES OF TISSUE REPAIR
- inflammation
- proliferation
- maturation
three main stages of inflammation
Acute
* Sub-acute
* Chronic
swelling stage of inflammation
Acute
regenerative stage.
sub-acute
scar tissue maturation and remodelling stage
Chronic
Inflammation is characterized by five cardinal signs:
- rubor (redness)
- calor (increased heat)
- tumor (swelling)
- dolor (pain)
- functio laesa (loss of function)
redness
Rubor
Increased heat
Calor
swelling
tumor
pain
Dolor
Loss of function
Funcia laesa
→If the fluids are not adequately restored
burn shock develops
PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES
Inflammation,
* hypermetabolism,
* muscle wasting, and
* insulin resistance
Bacterial infection→ may lead to a bloodstream infection
sepsis
Fluid loss, including low blood volume
hypovolemia
Dangerously low body temperature
hypothermia
Complications of deep or widespread burns can include:
Sepsis
Hypovolemia
Hypothermia
Breathing Problems from intake of smoke
It affect only the epidermis, or outer layer of skin. The burn site is red, painful, dry, and with no blisters.
First-degree burn
Example of 1st degree burns is
Mild sunburn
are more severe than first-degree burns. They affect the outer layer of skin, called the DERMIS
Second-degree burns
Second-degree burns is also known as
partial thickness burns
affect the epidermis and the dermis, lower layer of skin. They cause pain, redness, swelling, and blistering
Second-degree burns
It go through the dermis and affect deeper tissues. They result in white or blackened, charred skin that may be numb
Third-degree burns (full thickness burns)
Third-degree burns is also knwon as
full thickness burns
It destroy the epidermis and dermis. They may go into the innermost layer of skin, the subcutaneous tissue. The burn site may look white or blackened and charred.
- Third-degree (full thickness) burns
additionally involves injury to deeper tissues, such as muscle, tendons, or bone. The burn is often black and
frequently leads to loss of the burned part. Burns are generally preventable. Treatment depends on the severity of the burn.
fourth-degree burn
penetrate the muscle and begin to burn bone;
fifth degree burns
the most severe burns which have charred bone.
sixth degree burns
