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Anatomy Lab > Midterm - Dermis > Flashcards

Midterm - Dermis Flashcards

1
Q

beneath the epidermis and is
composed of connective tissue.

A

dermis

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2
Q

dermis is beneath the
epidermis and is
composed of

A

connective
tissue

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3
Q

dermis is divided into two layers…

A

Papillary layer
Reticular Layer

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4
Q

It is arranged into microscopic
structures that form ridges. These are the finger- and footprints

A

Papillary layer

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5
Q

beneath the papillary layer; it is a white fibrous tissue that
supports the blood vessels

A

reticular layer

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6
Q

composed of adipose and
connective tissue. It supports, nourishes, insulates, and cushions the skin

A

subcutaneous tissue
or hypodermis

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7
Q

a threadlike structure formed
by a group of cells that develop within a hair follicle or socket

A

Hair

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8
Q

It is attached to the side of each follicle which causes goose flesh or goose pimples.

A

pilomotor muscle

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9
Q

Each hair has a _____ that is visible

A

shaft

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10
Q

Each hair has a shaft that is visible and a root that is embedded in the ________

A

follicle

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11
Q

At the base of each hair follicle is a bulb enclosing a loop of capillaries which provides nourishment to the hair

A

Hair papilla

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12
Q

It is one of the few living parts of the hair, and is responsible for hair growth.

A

Hair Papilla

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13
Q

It →covers the hair shaft like shingles on a roof, protecting it from the elements and chemicals, and from losing moisture

A

cuticle

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14
Q

It provides most of the hair’s weight. It contains melanin which provides color to the hair, stores oils, provides flexibility and elasticity, and
adds shape to the hair.

A

Cortex

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15
Q

When the cuticle is damaged and exposes the cortex

A

hair looks dull and dry

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16
Q

an inner hollow core that runs the
length of the shaft.

A

medulla

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17
Q

are oil glands. They have tiny ducts that open into each hair follicle

A

Sebaceous glands

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18
Q

Each sebaceous gland secretes ______, which lubricates the hair and skin.

A

sebum

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19
Q

The amount of secretion varies with

A

age, puberty, and pregnancy

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20
Q

Are hard keratin structures that protect the ends of the fingers and toes.

A

Fingernails and toenails

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21
Q

begins several millimeters into the finger and extends to the edge of the white, crescent-shaped lunula.

A

nail root/ germinal matrix / nailbed,

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22
Q

white, crescent-shape seen in the nail

A

Lunula

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23
Q

This is where the growth occurs…
approximately _____. per week.

A

1 mm

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24
Q

The under-surface of the ________/_______ of the nail has grooves that help
anchor it.

A

nail plate or body

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25
Q

It fuses the nail plate and the skin of the finger together to form a waterproof barrier

A

cuticle / eponychium

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26
Q

The cuticle is also called the

A

eponychium

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27
Q

It is under the free edge of the nail. It also creates a waterproof barrier, fusing the skin of the finger to the underside of the nail plate.

A

Hyponychium

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28
Q

Simply those that have curled down or around and are growing into the skin.

A

Ingrown nail

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29
Q

Ingrown nails may become

A

e swollen and inflamed

30
Q

They are sweat glands. About 2 million are distributed over the surface of the body, more numerous on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, forehead, and axillae or underarms

A

Sudoriferous glands

31
Q

Sweat glands produce

A

sweat / perspiration

32
Q

It also rids the body of waste through
the pores of the skin.

A

Sweat

33
Q

The average person loses
approximately _______ of fluid
through sweating each day.

A

1/2 liter

34
Q

one of the most important element in the process of scar formation, while epidermal and endothelial cells exert synergistic effects as well.

A

Fibroblast

35
Q

in the process of scar formation, _____________ & ____________ ______ exert synergistic effects as
well

A

epidermal and endothelial cells

36
Q

A deep, thick layer of skin

A

Dermis

37
Q

form when the dermis is damaged.

A

Scars

38
Q

a naturally occurring protein in
the body

A

collagen

39
Q

The body forms new collagen fibers to mend the damage, resulting in a

A

scar

40
Q

usually composed of fibrous tissue. It may be formed for many different reasons, including as a result of infections, surgery,
injuries, or inflammation of tissue.

A

scar

41
Q

A scar may appear

A

flat, lumpy, sunken, or colored.

42
Q

When a person has an injury, the body responds by repairing the
damaged tissue, which creates

A

scar tissue.

43
Q

a collection of cells and collagen that covers the site of the injury. People can develop scar tissue on their skin as the result of an injury, surgery, or acne

A

scar tissue.

44
Q

As part of the healing process, specialized cells called ____________ in
adjacent areas of skin →produce a fibrous connective tissue made up
of collagen. The bundles formed by these whitish inelastic fibres make
up the bulk of the scar tissue.

A

fibroblasts

45
Q

3 STAGES OF TISSUE REPAIR

A
  • inflammation
  • proliferation
  • maturation
46
Q

three main stages of inflammation

A

Acute
* Sub-acute
* Chronic

47
Q

swelling stage of inflammation

A

Acute

48
Q

regenerative stage.

A

sub-acute

49
Q

scar tissue maturation and remodelling stage

A

Chronic

50
Q

Inflammation is characterized by five cardinal signs:

A
  • rubor (redness)
  • calor (increased heat)
  • tumor (swelling)
  • dolor (pain)
  • functio laesa (loss of function)
51
Q

redness

A

Rubor

52
Q

Increased heat

A

Calor

53
Q

swelling

A

tumor

54
Q

pain

A

Dolor

55
Q

Loss of function

A

Funcia laesa

56
Q

→If the fluids are not adequately restored

A

burn shock develops

57
Q

PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES

A

Inflammation,
* hypermetabolism,
* muscle wasting, and
* insulin resistance

58
Q

Bacterial infection→ may lead to a bloodstream infection

A

sepsis

59
Q

Fluid loss, including low blood volume

A

hypovolemia

60
Q

Dangerously low body temperature

A

hypothermia

61
Q

Complications of deep or widespread burns can include:

A

Sepsis
Hypovolemia
Hypothermia
Breathing Problems from intake of smoke

62
Q

It affect only the epidermis, or outer layer of skin. The burn site is red, painful, dry, and with no blisters.

A

First-degree burn

63
Q

Example of 1st degree burns is

A

Mild sunburn

64
Q

are more severe than first-degree burns. They affect the outer layer of skin, called the DERMIS

A

Second-degree burns

65
Q

Second-degree burns is also known as

A

partial thickness burns

66
Q

affect the epidermis and the dermis, lower layer of skin. They cause pain, redness, swelling, and blistering

A

Second-degree burns

67
Q

It go through the dermis and affect deeper tissues. They result in white or blackened, charred skin that may be numb

A

Third-degree burns (full thickness burns)

68
Q

Third-degree burns is also knwon as

A

full thickness burns

69
Q

It destroy the epidermis and dermis. They may go into the innermost layer of skin, the subcutaneous tissue. The burn site may look white or blackened and charred.

A
  • Third-degree (full thickness) burns
70
Q

additionally involves injury to deeper tissues, such as muscle, tendons, or bone. The burn is often black and
frequently leads to loss of the burned part. Burns are generally preventable. Treatment depends on the severity of the burn.

A

fourth-degree burn

71
Q

penetrate the muscle and begin to burn bone;

A

fifth degree burns

72
Q

the most severe burns which have charred bone.

A

sixth degree burns

Anatomy Lab (7 decks)

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