Midterm (Principles) Flashcards
Developmental pathways to psychopathology!
Equifinality - differing circumstances, same diagnosis
Multi finality - similar beginnings, different outcomes
Pathways model - change possible at many points, always influenced by previous adaptations - zigzag, curbing, indirect
Coherence: continuity - stability vs change of development is seen in consistency of adaptation to relevant developmental tasks and issues, not identical behaviors over time
Links between early Dev variables and outcomes
Competence is?
Effective functioning in relation to relevant Dev tasks and issues. Develop skills, talents, beliefs about efficacy, personality characteristics, accomplishments
Kids have various domains of competence and incompetence (skills and achievements, comfort)
Academic, behavior, social, plus romantic and job for teens
Domains overlap, especially younger
Risk and risk factors?
Risk: increased vulnerability to disorder
Risk factors: individual, family, social vulnerable characteristics
Stressful events
Nonspecific and specific risk
May have little or large impact
Transient and enduring factors
Immediate and delayed outcomes. Type, timing, clusters
Number more important than type, but combinations may be important
Malx - nonspecific, but immediate, short and long term
Developmental cascades?
Effects spread across levels, domains, and over time
Positive or negative - gene by environment interactions result in differential susceptibility
Resilience and protective factors?
Resilience is adaptation despite adversity. Do well despite, individual, family, or social circumstance
May have risk factors and good outcomes, competence while stressed, or good recovery following trauma
Resilience is a process and capacity that develops. May have some types but not others.
Must have both adaptation or competence, no undesirable behavior, and significant risk or adversity
Protective factors?
Child - cognitive ability, easy temperament, genetic factors, good self regulation
Family - close relationships with caregivers, authoritative parenting, family climate with low discord between parents
Family/other relationships - close relationships wth competent and supportive adults, connections, to prosocial and rule abiding peers
Community - effective schools, ties to prosocial organizations, neighborhoods with collective efficacy, faith and spirituality
Translational research?
Designed, conducted, and interpreted with meaningful applications and social value in mind, applicable to practicing psychologists
Cross sectional research
Collection of data at single point in time, with comparisons among groups
Longitudinal research?
Ongoing collection of data from same group over time
Adaptational failure?
Delay : doesn’t acquire developmental milestones in time
fixation: getting stuck
Deviance: behaves in ways strange and unlike others (Moses crawling)
