Midterm (ASD)

Question 1

DSM IV to 5

Answer 1

Autism/PDD used to be autism vs aspergers

30-70% IDD comorbidity

Thread: profound lack of social awareness

Today, both continuum

Question 2

DSM 5

Answer 2

Compromised development in social function/comm (must have 3 kinds)
Social emotional reciprocity, nonverbal, dev and maintaining relationships

Restricted/repetitive bx and fixated interest (at least 2 types)
Stereotyped ore repetitive speech, motor, use of objects, routines, ritualized interests unusual in intensity or focus
Sensory sensitivity or unusual ointerest in sensory askers of environment

Rehired support, substantial, or very substantial

Question 3

Social cognition?

Answer 3

Construct of interactions with self and others, emotion and cognition, language and meaning

ways people think about themselves and social worlds. 2 most important features are distinctions between more:less important and what is social/no social

Question 4

Salient recognition experience

Answer 4

Kids pay attention to what's important
    People more important than 
    inanimate objects
    mom more important than strangers
         Behave like emotional social 
         engagement with caregiver is 
         special, pleasant, informative

Question 5

Theory of mind?

Answer 5

Ability to attribute mental states to others
Learn cues by gaze following and pretend play
Perspective taking, fosters safety and security for exploration and therefore healthy Dev

Joint attention; communicative intentions like eye contact, pointing, shared attention
Capacity to coordinate visual attention with attention of another personality
Consequence of and organizer of brain Dev
Directs and responds to behaviors of others to have shared exp

Question 6

Affective social competence

Answer 6

Coordination of capacities to experience emotion, send emotional messages, read others emotional signals
Fosters cognitive abilities - sensorimotor to sumbolic experiences

Question 7

ASD emotional deficits?

Answer 7

Demonstrate emotions, mainly negative and anger
Can sense basic emotions like happy mad sad
More complex like guilt elude
Will laugh as much as normal kids but due to internal states

Question 8

Social interaction impairments

Answer 8

Impairment in nonverbal
Failure to develop age appropriate relations
Lack of spontaneous desire to share enjoymentc interests achievements
Lack of social or emotional reciprocity

Influences pretend play and imitation, lack of social style

Connects to language learning - prefer no nspeech to mothers. relationships may be secure intact, special? But atypical

Question 9

Aspergers social emotional?

Answer 9

More aware of others as social beings and interested in interaction
Talk about emotions and relationships but concrete and intellecthalized
Desire and motivation, trouble with intuitive give and take of social exchange
Rely on formal rules - reach out but are awkward, rigid, insensitive
Results in peer ridicule, so withdraw

Question 10

Communication impairment:

Answer 10

Delay or lack of development in social language
Inability to initiate or sustain conversation
Steteotyped, repetitive, idiosyncratic language
Lack of varied, spontaneous make believe or social imitative play

Slowed babbling, delayed use of words
Late indent intentional communication - pointing, lack of imitation
Abnormalities in nonverbal - tone, volume

Question 11

Content of speech impairment:lack of pragmatically

Answer 11

Immediate/delayed echolalia - inappropriate or uncommunicative repetition of words and phrases
Repeat last word spoken to them

Lack of pragmatics - autistic more instrumental
Aspergers pedantic, one sided. No self sensoring, fail to distinguish inequity between human and object

Question 12

Repetitive bx?

Answer 12

Interest: sameness in environments, protest when disturbed. Inflexible adheanxe to nonfunctional, specific routines or rituals

Unusual attachments to objects, persistent preoccupation with parts

Rocking, flapping, twirling, sensory curiosity or sensitivity

Question 13

Prevalence and course?

Answer 13

CDC says 1 in 88, 3-4 more boys. High comorbidity with IDD, especially with girls

Lifelong for most, characteristic symptom peaks between 2-4
15-30% regress
Adults have significant difficulties, live with parents and have social and vocational struggles.

Half of kids never develop useful speech. If they do, pragmatics largest impairment

Repetitive pathways more stable than social and communication. Trouble with rewarding relationships, get sad anxious and withdraw

Question 14

Etiology

Answer 14

Used to be “moms distant infants withdrew because knew rejected”

Most heritable. Now we’re on to mirror neuron dysfunction, extreme male brain theory, growth dysregilatikn (early grown, accelerated decline and possible deterioration adolescence onward).

Microcephaly, abnormalities in cerebellum, medial temporal lobe, amygdala

ES (empathizing systemizjng theory) have above average empathy and systemizjng (drive to analyze and construct system), relayed to extend make brain

Central coherence hypothesis - process in fragmented fashion. Attention to detail

Optimal evidence based treatment - ABA

Question 15

Hx of autism and asbergersb

Answer 15

Kanner (1943) early infantile autism. Theory and research until 1990 based on his work. Symptoms - social interaction, inoaired languages, stereotypical behaviors

Asperger (1944:1991) boys with “-autistic psychopathy”. Better language, more social interest, high functioning? Separate but related