Midterm past - sow (not corrected - help if u want) Flashcards
What does capacitation mean?
• The spermatozoa acquire the hyperactive motility.
• The plasma membrane of the spermatozoa fuses with the membrane of the acrosome.
• The speed of the motility of the spermatozoa slows down.
• Formation of the 2nd polar
• Formation of the two nucleus.
The plasma membrane of the spermatozoa fuses with the membrane of the acrosome.
What does acrosome reaction mean?
• Fusion of the plasma membrane of the oocyte with the plasma membrane of the spermatozoa.
• Fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the plasma membrane of the spermatozoa.
• Fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the inner acrosomal membrane.
• Activation of the oocyte nucleus
• Activation of the polar body
Fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the plasma membrane of the spermatozoa.
What is the final result of the acrosomne reaction?
• Different enzymes are released.
• Extrusion of the first and second polar body.
• Formation of the male and female nucleus.
• Formation of the so called zona block
• First mitotic division of the blastomere in the embryo
• Different enzymes are released.
What does polyspermiosis mean?
• Too many spermatozoa are around the oocyte and none of them is able to penetrate into it.
• More than one spermatozoa penetrates into the oocyte.
• The ejaculated semen ontains many sperm cell.
• The testicles produce more spermatozoa compared with the normal concentration.
• In certain species more than one spermatozoa is required for successful fertilization. This is called polyspermiosis.
• Too many spermatozoa are around the oocyte and none of them is able to penetrate into it.
What is the location of the fusion proteins on the spermatozoa?
• The equatorial segment, which can be found on the head of the spermatozoa.
• Tail of the spermatozoa.
• Zona pellucida of the oocyte.
• The neck of the spermatozoa.
• Mid piece of the spermatozoa.
• The equatorial segment, which can be found on the head of the spermatozoa.
What is the task of the fusion proteins?
• To secure the physical connection between the head of the spermatozoa and the oolemma.
• To support the fusion of the male and female nucleus.
• To support the fusion of the first and second polar bodies.
• To secure the physical connection of the blastomers in the embryo.
• To support the metabolic activity of the spermatozoa
• To secure the physical connection between the head of the spermatozoa and the oolemma.
At which stage of the embryo development the differentiation of the cells/blastomers is started? • Just after fertilization. • 2-4-cell stage. • 4-8-cell stage. • Blastocyst stage. • Just before hatching.
• Just after fertilization.
In the sow, the maternal recognition of pregnancy is based on the production of.. • Pregnancy specific protein B • Progesterone • Estradiol • Pregnancy associated glycoprotein • Inhibin
• Estradiol
In the dog, the maternal recognition of pregnancy is based on the production of..
• Placental lactogen.
• Pregnancy specific protein B.
• Interferon tau.
• No signal/signaling mechanism is known in the dog.
• Estradiol.
• No signal/signaling mechanism is known in the dog.
When does the embryo arrive into the uterus after fertillzation in the cattle? • Day 2 • Day 4 • Day 5 • Day 9 • Day 12
• Day 4
How long is the fertile period/life of the spermatozoa in the bitch? • 2-3 days • 4-5 days • 9-11 days • 13-14 days
• 9-11 days
When does the bovine embryo start to hatch? • Day 2-3 • Day 4-5 • Day 6-7 • Day 9-10 • Day 14-15
• Day 9-10
In the woman, the maternal recognition of pregnancy is based on the production of…
• Pregnancy specific protein B
• Progesterone
• Inhibin
• Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
• No signal/signaling mechanism is known in the woman.
• Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
What develops into corpus luteum after ovulation?
• The platelets of corpus hemorrhagicum convert into CL
• The theca and granulosa cells of the follicle convert into luteal cells
• The antral fluid of the follicle
• – (not there)
The theca and granulosa cells of the follicle convert into luteal cells
What is regulating the seasonality?
• Improving plane of nutrition in springtime
• Internal biological clock
• Pineal gland melatonin through the kisspeptin-GnRH axis
• Stimulatory effect of increasing sexual activity in male animals
• Internal biological clock
What does the increased physical activity of cows mean?
• The end of prooestrus
• Soundness of legs, there is no leg problem in her
• Indicates the end of heat (oestrus)
• Indicates heat (oestrus), the cow should be checked and eventually inseminated
• Indicates heat (oestrus), the cow should be checked and eventually inseminated
When is the insemination of the sow recommended?
• At maximal reddining of the vulva
• When vulva reddening starts decreasing and back pressure test is positive
• On the first day of oestrus
• When the clical heat symptoms are no longer visible
• When vulva reddening starts decreasing and back pressure test is positive
What is the reproductive role of kisspeptin neurons?
• Directly stimulate the follicle, growth
• What is the reproductive role of kisspeptin neurons?
• Based on metabolic inputs, stimulate or inhibit the GnRH neurons
• Decrease the leptin level in the blood
• Based on metabolic inputs, stimulate or inhibit the GnRH neurons
What is the two cell-two gonadotropin model?
• Production of estrogen and progesterone in different cells
• Testosterone production by theca cells (LH) and its conversion to estrogen by granulosa cells (FSH)
• Stimulatory effect of FSH on estrogen and LH on progesterone synthesis
• Testosterone-dihydrotestosterone conversion
• Testosterone production by theca cells (LH) and its conversion to estrogen by granulosa cells (FSH)
Difference between protein and steroid hormone mechanism of action
• Protein hormones act in the cytoplasm, steroids act both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus
• Protein hormones induce only slow response
• Steroid hormones pass into the cytoplasm what protein hormones cannot do
• Only the steroid hormones are able to pass the blood-brain barrier
• Steroid hormones pass into the cytoplasm what protein hormones cannot do
What does the wave-like pattern of bovine follicular growth mean?
• Follicles start growing in waves after day 17. of the cycle
• During a cycle, follicles start to grow in 4-5 waves
• Selected follicles are growing larger in waves than their counterparts
• Within a cycle, follicles start to grow in 2-3 waves but ovulate only from the last wave
• Within a cycle, follicles start to grow in 2-3 waves but ovulate only from the last wave
How can be predicted the optimal time of breedig (inseminationiof the dog?
• By intensity of the bloody discharge from the vulva
• Based on the interest of males
• A combined investigation of behavior, bloody discharge, vaginal cytology and P4 assay
• Counting the days in heat: between day 7 and 9 from the bloody vaginal discharge
A combined investigation of behavior, bloody discharge, vaginal cytology and P4 assay
Which of these statements are FALSE concerning ovulation in pigs?
• It occurs as a result of an inflammation-like process
• It happens after the LH-peak.
• The preovulatory follicle is 3-10 mm in pigs.
• Before the ovulation, there are 2-3 follicular growth waves.
• Before the ovulation, there are 2-3 follicular growth waves.
In which state does the embryo arrive in the uterus? • 4 cell • 8 cell • Morula • Blastocysta
• Blastocysta
Length of pregnancy in the swine • 110 days • 115 days • 120 days • 125 days
• 115 days
Regarding porcine gestation choose the FALSE answer!
• Epitheliochorial placenta
• Corpus luteum dependens
• Elongation of the conceptus
• No prostaglandin production in the endometrium
• Oestrogens are produced between Days 16-30 of gestation
No prostaglandin production in the endometrium
Expected time of ovulation in pigs
• Between 6-12. h after the onset of oestrus
• Approx. 24 h after the onset of oestrus
• 48-72 h after the onset of oestrus
• 12-18 h after the end of clinical heat symptoms
48-72 h after the onset of oestrus
The signal for maternal recognition in the sow. • Interferon • Pregnancy proteins • Oestrogens • Progesterone • Prolactine
• Oestrogens
How many embryos is needed at the stage of attachment for successful pregnancy in pig?
• 1-2
• 4-5
• 7-8
• 4-5
At which day of pregnancy do begin to migrate the porcine embryos in the uterine horns?
• Day 3 to 4
• Day 6 to 7
• Day 9 to 10
• Day 6 to 7
