Midterm past - sow (not corrected - help if u want)

Question 1

What does capacitation mean?
• The spermatozoa acquire the hyperactive motility.
• The plasma membrane of the spermatozoa fuses with the membrane of the acrosome.
• The speed of the motility of the spermatozoa slows down.
• Formation of the 2nd polar
• Formation of the two nucleus.

Answer 1

The plasma membrane of the spermatozoa fuses with the membrane of the acrosome.

Question 2

What does acrosome reaction mean?
• Fusion of the plasma membrane of the oocyte with the plasma membrane of the spermatozoa.
• Fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the plasma membrane of the spermatozoa.
• Fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the inner acrosomal membrane.
• Activation of the oocyte nucleus
• Activation of the polar body

Answer 2

Fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the plasma membrane of the spermatozoa.

Question 3

What is the final result of the acrosomne reaction?
• Different enzymes are released.
• Extrusion of the first and second polar body.
• Formation of the male and female nucleus.
• Formation of the so called zona block
• First mitotic division of the blastomere in the embryo

Answer 3

• Different enzymes are released.

Question 4

What does polyspermiosis mean?
• Too many spermatozoa are around the oocyte and none of them is able to penetrate into it.
• More than one spermatozoa penetrates into the oocyte.
• The ejaculated semen ontains many sperm cell.
• The testicles produce more spermatozoa compared with the normal concentration.
• In certain species more than one spermatozoa is required for successful fertilization. This is called polyspermiosis.

Answer 4

• Too many spermatozoa are around the oocyte and none of them is able to penetrate into it.

Question 5

What is the location of the fusion proteins on the spermatozoa?
• The equatorial segment, which can be found on the head of the spermatozoa.
• Tail of the spermatozoa.
• Zona pellucida of the oocyte.
• The neck of the spermatozoa.
• Mid piece of the spermatozoa.

Answer 5

• The equatorial segment, which can be found on the head of the spermatozoa.

Question 6

What is the task of the fusion proteins?
• To secure the physical connection between the head of the spermatozoa and the oolemma.
• To support the fusion of the male and female nucleus.
• To support the fusion of the first and second polar bodies.
• To secure the physical connection of the blastomers in the embryo.
• To support the metabolic activity of the spermatozoa

Answer 6

• To secure the physical connection between the head of the spermatozoa and the oolemma.

Question 7

At which stage of the embryo development the differentiation of the cells/blastomers is started?
•   	Just after fertilization.
•   	2-4-cell stage.
•   	4-8-cell stage.
•   	Blastocyst stage.
•   	Just before hatching.

Answer 7

• Just after fertilization.

Question 8

In the sow, the maternal recognition of pregnancy is based on the production of..
•   	Pregnancy specific protein B
•   	Progesterone
•   	Estradiol
•   	Pregnancy associated glycoprotein
•   	Inhibin

Answer 8

• Estradiol

Question 9

In the dog, the maternal recognition of pregnancy is based on the production of..
• Placental lactogen.
• Pregnancy specific protein B.
• Interferon tau.
• No signal/signaling mechanism is known in the dog.
• Estradiol.

Answer 9

• No signal/signaling mechanism is known in the dog.

Question 10

When does the embryo arrive into the uterus after fertillzation in the cattle?
•   	Day 2
•   	Day 4
•   	Day 5
•   	Day 9
•   	Day 12

Answer 10

• Day 4

Question 11

How long is the fertile period/life of the spermatozoa in the bitch?
•   	2-3 days
•   	4-5 days
•   	9-11 days
•   	13-14 days

Answer 11

• 9-11 days

Question 12

When does the bovine embryo start to hatch?
•   	Day 2-3
•   	Day 4-5
•   	Day 6-7
•   	Day 9-10
•   	Day 14-15

Answer 12

• Day 9-10

Question 13

In the woman, the maternal recognition of pregnancy is based on the production of…
• Pregnancy specific protein B
• Progesterone
• Inhibin
• Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
• No signal/signaling mechanism is known in the woman.

Answer 13

• Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 14

What develops into corpus luteum after ovulation?
• The platelets of corpus hemorrhagicum convert into CL
• The theca and granulosa cells of the follicle convert into luteal cells
• The antral fluid of the follicle
• – (not there)

Answer 14

The theca and granulosa cells of the follicle convert into luteal cells

Question 15

What is regulating the seasonality?
• Improving plane of nutrition in springtime
• Internal biological clock
• Pineal gland melatonin through the kisspeptin-GnRH axis
• Stimulatory effect of increasing sexual activity in male animals

Answer 15

• Internal biological clock

Question 16

What does the increased physical activity of cows mean?
• The end of prooestrus
• Soundness of legs, there is no leg problem in her
• Indicates the end of heat (oestrus)
• Indicates heat (oestrus), the cow should be checked and eventually inseminated

Answer 16

• Indicates heat (oestrus), the cow should be checked and eventually inseminated

Question 17

When is the insemination of the sow recommended?
• At maximal reddining of the vulva
• When vulva reddening starts decreasing and back pressure test is positive
• On the first day of oestrus
• When the clical heat symptoms are no longer visible

Answer 17

• When vulva reddening starts decreasing and back pressure test is positive

Question 18

What is the reproductive role of kisspeptin neurons?
• Directly stimulate the follicle, growth
• What is the reproductive role of kisspeptin neurons?
• Based on metabolic inputs, stimulate or inhibit the GnRH neurons
• Decrease the leptin level in the blood

Answer 18

• Based on metabolic inputs, stimulate or inhibit the GnRH neurons

Question 19

What is the two cell-two gonadotropin model?
• Production of estrogen and progesterone in different cells
• Testosterone production by theca cells (LH) and its conversion to estrogen by granulosa cells (FSH)
• Stimulatory effect of FSH on estrogen and LH on progesterone synthesis
• Testosterone-dihydrotestosterone conversion

Answer 19

• Testosterone production by theca cells (LH) and its conversion to estrogen by granulosa cells (FSH)

Question 20

Difference between protein and steroid hormone mechanism of action
• Protein hormones act in the cytoplasm, steroids act both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus
• Protein hormones induce only slow response
• Steroid hormones pass into the cytoplasm what protein hormones cannot do
• Only the steroid hormones are able to pass the blood-brain barrier

Answer 20

• Steroid hormones pass into the cytoplasm what protein hormones cannot do

Question 21

What does the wave-like pattern of bovine follicular growth mean?
• Follicles start growing in waves after day 17. of the cycle
• During a cycle, follicles start to grow in 4-5 waves
• Selected follicles are growing larger in waves than their counterparts
• Within a cycle, follicles start to grow in 2-3 waves but ovulate only from the last wave

Answer 21

• Within a cycle, follicles start to grow in 2-3 waves but ovulate only from the last wave

Question 22

How can be predicted the optimal time of breedig (inseminationiof the dog?
• By intensity of the bloody discharge from the vulva
• Based on the interest of males
• A combined investigation of behavior, bloody discharge, vaginal cytology and P4 assay
• Counting the days in heat: between day 7 and 9 from the bloody vaginal discharge

Answer 22

A combined investigation of behavior, bloody discharge, vaginal cytology and P4 assay

Question 23

Which of these statements are FALSE concerning ovulation in pigs?
• It occurs as a result of an inflammation-like process
• It happens after the LH-peak.
• The preovulatory follicle is 3-10 mm in pigs.
• Before the ovulation, there are 2-3 follicular growth waves.

Answer 23

• Before the ovulation, there are 2-3 follicular growth waves.

Question 24

In which state does the embryo arrive in the uterus?
•   	4 cell
•   	8 cell
•   	Morula
•   	Blastocysta

Answer 24

• Blastocysta

Question 25

Length of pregnancy in the swine
•   	110 days
•   	115 days
•   	120 days
•   	125 days

Answer 25

• 115 days

Question 26

Regarding porcine gestation choose the FALSE answer!
• Epitheliochorial placenta
• Corpus luteum dependens
• Elongation of the conceptus
• No prostaglandin production in the endometrium
• Oestrogens are produced between Days 16-30 of gestation

Answer 26

No prostaglandin production in the endometrium

Question 27

Expected time of ovulation in pigs
• Between 6-12. h after the onset of oestrus
• Approx. 24 h after the onset of oestrus
• 48-72 h after the onset of oestrus
• 12-18 h after the end of clinical heat symptoms

Answer 27

48-72 h after the onset of oestrus

Question 28

The signal for maternal recognition in the sow.
•   	Interferon
•   	Pregnancy proteins
•   	Oestrogens
•   	Progesterone
•   	Prolactine

Answer 28

• Oestrogens

Question 29

How many embryos is needed at the stage of attachment for successful pregnancy in pig?
• 1-2
• 4-5
• 7-8

Answer 29

• 4-5

Question 30

At which day of pregnancy do begin to migrate the porcine embryos in the uterine horns?
• Day 3 to 4
• Day 6 to 7
• Day 9 to 10

Answer 30

• Day 6 to 7