Canine midterm past

Question 1

How could you explain the decrease of body temperature prior to parturition?
• Estrogen increase provokes the thermoregulatory center of CNS
• Prolactin peak provokes the thermoregulatory center of CNS
• Increased progesterone provokes the thermoregulatory center during the pregnancy
• Uterine contractions need more metabolic energy

Answer 1

Increased progesterone provokes the thermoregulatory center during the pregnancy

Question 2

Which factor does NOT influence the success of AI?
•   	Determining the optimal time for AI
•   	Semen quality
•   	Insemination technique
•   	The weather of the day

Answer 2

The weather of the day

Question 3

Which statement is FALSE concerning the Normal uterine involution?
• The major amount of involution occurs during the initial 4-5 week postpartum period
• Odorless green, dark red/brown, or obvious bloody vaginal discharge is characteristics
• Fever and foul-smelling brownish or reddish brown vaginal discharge are characteristics
• The non-pregnant uterus also undergoes involution after diestrus

Answer 3

• Fever and foul-smelling brownish or reddish brown vaginal discharge are characteristics

Question 4

Which is not a sign for impending parturition in bitch? Mark the incorrect statement
• The bitch is restless, nesting
• Vulva becomes swollen and edematous
• Clear, translucent, watery discharge from the vagina
• Sudden increase in body temperature by 1-2 C

Answer 4

• Sudden increase in body temperature by 1-2 C

Question 5

Mark the INCORRECT statement regarding clinical pseudopregnancy?
• Lactation appears in all cases
• All non-pregnant bitches in diestrus are pseudopregnant however the clinical symptoms are varied
• Predisposed bitches usually suffer the syndrome after each estrous cycle becoming more severe throughout their lifetime
• Clinical signs usually begin 6-12 weeks after estrus

Answer 5

• Lactation appears in all cases

Question 6

Where and when does the oocyte maturation process end, so when does the oocyte become fertilizable in bitch?
• In the ovarian follicle, 2-3 days after ovulation
• In the uterine lumen, 2-3 days after ovulation
• In the fallopian tube, 2-3 days after ovulation
• In the fallopian tube, 4-5 days after ovulation

Answer 6

• In the fallopian tube, 2-3 days after ovulation

Question 7

What can be the consequence of spaying a dog in diestrus?
•   	Nothing
•   	Obesity 
•   	Pregnancy
•   	Over Pseudopregnancy

Answer 7

Over Pseudopregnancy

Question 8

Mark the INCORRECT statement regarding clinical and biochemical alterations in pregnant bitch
• Increased plasma volume sufficient to cause a normo-chromic, normo-cytic anemia
• Increased insulin resistance
• Constantly decreasing energy requirements
• Mild leukocytosis

Answer 8

• Constantly decreasing energy requirements

Question 9

What progesterone level is expected at Day 0th of oestrous cycle (LH peak) in the dog?
•   	>6 ng/ml
•   	rises above 2 ng/ml
•   	10 ng/ml
•   	<1 ng/ml

Answer 9

• rises above 2 ng/ml

Question 10

Mark the CORRECT statement regarding pregnancy diagnosis!
• Invasion of placental trophectoderm occurs late, around day 22 (Day of the LH surge)
• Embryos can enter the uterus around day 3 (Day of the LH surge)
• The dog has a hemochorial placental structure
• Fertilization is completed in the uterine horn

Answer 10

Invasion of placental trophectoderm occurs late, around day 22 (Day of the LH surge)

Question 11

Mark the INCORRECT statement regarding clinical pseudopregnancy
• Medical treatment is not recommended in patients with mild clinical pseudopregnancy
• In case of lactation, medical treatment is recommended
• The use of a dopamine antagonist as primary medication is recommended
• Vomiting may occur as a side effect of medication

Answer 11

The use of a dopamine antagonist as primary medication is recommended

Question 12

.

Answer 12

.

Question 13

What is the difference in P4 levels in case of pregnant and non-pregnant bitches?

• Nothing
• Pregnant bitches have high progesterone during the whole-length of pregnancy, while non-pregnant bitches progesterone values drop after oestrus
• In pregnant bitches placenta produces the progesterone and it is responsible for the high P4-values during pregnancy
• In non-pregnant bitches there is no ovulation, so the progesterone level stays up

Answer 13

• Nothing

Question 14

Which of the followings is NOT indication for artificial insemination?
•   	prevention of genital infections
•   	lower quality semen
•   	physical difficulties in mating
•   	cryptorchid male

Answer 14

• cryptorchid male

Question 15

Mark the INCORRECT statement regarding pseudopregnancy
• a physiological condition that does not always involve lactation
• in susceptible individuals (predisposed bitches), spaying during diestrus (in luteal phase) can also lead to iatrogen clinical pseudopregnancy
• in case of pseudopregnancy, spaying is contraindicated even during anestrus
• it can be treated with dopamine agonist through inhibition of prolactin activity

Answer 15

in case of pseudopregnancy, spaying is contraindicated even during anestrus

Question 16

What is the meaning of preovulatory luteinization?
A. an increase in plasma progesterone level prior to the LH peak can be observed
B. the plasma progesterone level starts to increase after the ovulation
C. pathological condition, which can occur in young bitches
D. none of the above

Answer 16

A. an increase in plasma progesterone level prior to the LH peak can be observed

Question 17

Mark the INCORRECT statement regarding canine pregnancy!
• ultrasonography is the most preferred modality for pregnancy diagnosis, assessment of litter size, viability of foetus and fetal age
• radiography is the most preferred modality for pregnancy diagnosis, assessment of litter size, viability of foetus and fetal age
• early detection of pregnancy is possible by measuring progesterone levels
• measurement of plasma relaxin concentration is the most preferred method for pregnancy diagnosis, assessment of litter size, viability of foetus and fetal age

Answer 17

early detection of pregnancy is possible by measuring progesterone levels

Question 18

Mark the INCORRECT statement! Situations in which to avoid the use of oxytocin are
• after the delivery of the last pup
• the bitch is already in hard labor
• when 2 doses do not succeed in delivering a pup
• in the presence of fetal distress

Answer 18

• after the delivery of the last pup

Question 19

What influences the changes in vaginal epithelium during the heat?
•   	the progesterone concentration
•   	the estrogen concentration
•   	the LH concentration
•   	the FSH concentration

Answer 19

• the estrogen concentration

Question 20

In the dog, the maternal recognition of pregnancy is based on the production of…
• placental lactogen
• pregnancy specific protein B
• interferon tau
• no signal mechanism is known in the dog

Answer 20

• no signal mechanism is known in the dog

Question 21

Which method we can NOT use for artificial insemination if we use frozen semen?
•   	endoscopic method
•   	scandinavian method
•   	intravaginal method
•   	surgical method

Answer 21

• intravaginal method

Question 22

Which is a misjudgement of fetal heart rate?
• 100 - 150 bpm means moderate fetal distress
• indicates an immediate cesarean section below 180
• below 180 bpm means severe fetal distress
• above 220 (beats per minute) is normal

Answer 22

100 - 150 bpm means moderate fetal distress

Question 23

How does the plasma progesterone change after ovulation?
•   	decreases
•   	stagnanes
•   	increases
•   	fluctuates

Answer 23

• increases

Question 24

How long is a dog’s pregnancy?
•   	90-93day
•   	45-55day
•   	62-63day
•   	56-58day

Answer 24

• 62-63day

Question 25

What is your suspect diagnosis in case of mucoid vaginal discharge in a pregnant dog?
• onset of parturition, flow away of foetal fluid
• foetal death
• metritis
• onset of parturition, flow away of mucoid plug

Answer 25

onset of parturition, flow away of mucoid plug

Question 26

Which statement is correct? Clinical signs of prooestrus in dogs are induced by..
• increase of progesterone concentration
• increase of oestrogen concentration
• LH peak
• increase of prolactin concentration

Answer 26

increase of oestrogen concentration

Question 27

Mark the CORRECT statement! What happens by the end of canine pregnancy?
• the progesterone concentration increases
• the prolactin concentration decreases
• the relaxin concentration is high
• LH peak is induced

Answer 27

• the relaxin concentration is high

Question 28

What is characteristic of the reproductive cycle in dogs?
• seasonally polyestrus
• reproductive cycle in dogs is determined by an internal circannual rhythm and the number of hours of light
• seasonally monoestrus
• aseasonal monoestrous, spontaneous ovulation

Answer 28

• aseasonal monoestrous, spontaneous ovulation

Question 29

When do you NOT necessarily have to think about dystocia (prolonged or difficult parturition)?

A. if greenish discharge is excreted from the vagina of the bitch for approx. 3 hours but no puppies have been born yet
B. the bitch has been panting, trembling, restless for 6 hours but nothing else is happening yet
C. the bitch has been panting, trembling, restless for 6 hours, the bitch bites backwards, sometimes cries painfully, but no amniotic fluid flows from the vagina and no pups in the birth canal
D, the bitch has had abdominal contractions for 45 minutes without successfully expelling a puppy

Answer 29

B. the bitch has been panting, trembling, restless for 6 hours but nothing else is happening yet