Midterm Part 3 Flashcards
What are the 5 leading chronic diseases in the US?
1-Heart disease and Stroke 2- Cancer 3- Diabetes 4- Arthritis 5- Obesity
What are the 5 leading causes of Death in the US?
1- Heart Disease 2- Cancer 3- Chronic Respiratory Diseases 4-Stroke 5- Accidents
T/F: Diabetes is one of the 5 leading causes of death in the US.
False; it is however one of the leading chronic diseases.
T/F: Stroke is the #2 cause of death in the US.
False; #4 but is #1 on chronic disease list along with Heart disease
T/F: 1/2 of American adults are currently affected by Heart Disease.
False; 1/3
Who is more likely to develop heart disease in their lifetime, men or women?
men (67%) women (50%)
T/F: Other than the year 1918, Heart Disease has been the #1 cause of death in the US since 1900.
True
What is the name of the study that has been going on since the 1940s,, has 3 generations of subjects enrolled, and has provided over 100 scientific publications on risk factors for heart disease?
Framingham Heart Study
T/F: Studies have shown that comprehensive lifestyle changes (diet and exercise, etc) can reduce severe atherosclerosis by as much as 82% without the use of lipid-lowering drugs.
True
T/F: decreasing inflammation can decrease the risk of heart disease
true
What is the #2 cause of death overall in developed countries and the leading cause of death in people younger than 85?
Cancer
What are the 3 most common cancers?
lung, breast, and colorectal
What is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men? in women?
prostate;
breast
What type of cancer most commonly results in death for men? for women?
lung for both
T/F: Colorectal cancer is the #3 diagnosed cancer in both men and women and is also the #3 type of cancer that results in death.
True
T/F: About 80% of Lung cancer is due to smoking.
true
What is the most common cause of cancer=related death in both men and women?
lung cancer
T/F: asbestos, radon, arsenic, tar soot, nickel, silica, chromium, and alcohol are all risk factors for lung cancer.
True
T/F: The incidence of breast cancer has increased.
True
T/F: 50% of women with breast cancer have no known risk factors.
False; actually 60%
T/F: oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy have been shown to reduce the risk of breast cancer.
False; these increase the risk
When are most cases of colorectal cancer diagnosed?
over the age of 50 (90% of cases)
T/F: Eating an increase in fiber can increase the risk of colorectal cancer.
False; this will decrease the risk
T/F: 1/3 of men under the age of 50 have histological evidence of prostate cancer.
True
What is the most likely cause of death in men over the age of 80?
Prostate cancer
T/F: Increasing calcium intake can reduce the risk of prostate cancer
False; decreasing can
What kind of tea has been shown to reduce the risk of prostate cancer?
green tea
How much has the incidence of Type 2 Diabetes increased in the middle aged in the past 30 years?
doubled
What is the lifetime risk of type 2 diabetes in the US for men? for women?
men - 33%
women - 40%
T/F: smoking can greatly increase the risk of diabetes.
True
How many americans have some from of physician-diagnosed arthritis?
50 million
How many US adults are expected to have arthritis by the year 2030?
67 million
T/F: Arthritis is one of the most common disorders in the world.
True
What percent of people over the age of 75 suffer from OA?
80%
What is the most common joint disorder in the world?
Osteoarthritis (OA)
What are the most common joints to develop OA?
hand, knee, hip, and intervertebral facet joints
T/F: Men have a slightly higher prevalence than women.
False; vice versa
T/F: Rheumatoid Arthritis affects 1.3 million adults and almost 3 thousand children (JRA).
False; 1.3 million adults, 300,000 children
T/F: At the current rate, all American adults are predicted to be overweight or obese by 2058.
False; 2048
What is the BMI range for overweight? obese?
25-29
30 and above
What is the worst kind of fat deposition?
central adiposity
T/F: the rates of obesity in kids have tripled.
True
What percentage of adults currently are overweight or obese?
33%
What are the most common, costly, and most preventable diseases?
Chronic diseases
What is a sedentary lifestyle?
no leisure-time physical activity in a 2 week period
What is the current recommendation for daily physical activity?
30 minutes or more of moderate-intensity on most or all days of the week
What is the leading cause of preventable illness and death in the US?
Tobacco
What are the 3 other names for Environmental Tobacco Smoke?
secondhand smoke
involuntary smoking
passive smoking
T/F: Secondhand smoke contains at least 69 known carcinogens.
True
What is mainstream smoke? sidestream smoke?
mainstream is exhaled by the smoker;
sidestream is released directly from the smoldering cigarette
What is worse for you, mainstream or sidestream smoke? why?
sidestream, it has not been filtered by the smoker’s lungs
What part of pregnancy is it most important to avoid smoking?
last 6 months
What are the 3 main risks to the baby during pregnancy from the mother smoking?
birth defects, premature birth, and LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
What is the 3rd leading cause of preventable mortality in the US?
alcohol
T/F:52% of Americans 12 years and older are current drinkers
True
How many drinks on a single occasion is considered binge drinking for me? for women?
more than 5
more than 4
What is the #1 rape drug?
alcohol
T/F: low to moderate amounts of alcohol may reduce the risk of heart disease, gallstones, and diabetes.
True
