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Public Health > Midterm Part 2 > Flashcards

Midterm Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term for the study of the distribution and patterns of health and disease and their cases in populations?

A

Epidemiology

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2
Q

What are the 5 popular questions asked by epidemiologists?

A

How many, who, when, where, and what do they have in common

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3
Q

What is the term for the number of existing cases of a disease in a population at a given time?

A

prevalence

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4
Q

What is the term for the number of cases at a specific point in time?

A

point prevalence

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5
Q

What is the term for the number of cases over a specified period of time?

A

Period prevalence

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6
Q

T/F: Prevalence is a measure of risk for developing the disease.

A

False; this is true of incidence

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7
Q

What is the term for the number of new cases of a disease within a specified population during a given time period?

A

Incidence

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8
Q

T/F: Acute diseases do not last longer than a month.

A

False; acute diseases can last up to 3 months

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9
Q

T/F: Chronic diseases are those that last 3 months or more.

A

True

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10
Q

T/F: An endemic disease is one which is constantly present in the community or population.

A

True

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11
Q

What public health term is used when a large number of cases that are out of proportion to what is normally expected?

A

Epidemic disease

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12
Q

What term is used when only a few scattered cases of a disease occur within an area or population?

A

sporadic disease

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13
Q

What is the term used to describe when an epidemic occurs simultaneously on more than one continent?

A

pandemic disease

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14
Q

What is incidence?

A

a measure of risk for developing the disease

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15
Q

T/F: A cause means that things are linked in some way that makes them turn up together.

A

False; this an association (ice cream does not cause drowning in the summer)

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16
Q

“Chiropractic adjustments cause strokes and death” is an example of what?

A

logical fallacy

17
Q

T/F: causation of a disease outbreak is easy to establish.

A

False; very difficult

18
Q

Regarding epidemiology, what 3 things are included in Descriptive Studies?

A

who, when, where

19
Q

What are the two basic types of Analytical studies?

A

Experimental and observational

20
Q

What kind of research/study is considered the “Gold Standard”

A

Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT)

21
Q

T/F: An RCT is an example of an observational study.

A

False; experimental study

22
Q

T/F: RCTs are the Gold Standard because bias is minimized and the ability to make causal inferences is enhanced.

A

True

23
Q

Cohorts, case-control, cross-sectional, and case studies are all examples of what kind of study?

A

observational

24
Q

T/F: Cohort studies are retrospective

A

False; they are prospective (look forward)

25
Q

T/F: Case-Control studies are retrospective and use existing records to determine populations at risk.

A

True

26
Q

T/F: During a cohort study, the cohort is identifies in present time and followed up prospectively.

A

True

27
Q

T/F: Cross-Sectional studies are also known as cohort studies.

A

False; Cross-sectional aka survey (no follow-up)

28
Q

T/F: Case Reports are useful in describing novel and interesting studies and commonly help to develop hypotheses.

A

True

29
Q

What are the two main types of Secondary Data Analysis?

A

Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

30
Q

T/F: One of the reasons behind HP2020 is to provide a blueprint to effectively track and address the most important health care needs of people worldwide.

A

False; HP2020 (Healthy People 2020) is for Americans, not the whole world. Sorry Canada.

31
Q

T/F: The Healthy People Initiative (HP2020) focuses on disease prevention/health promotion, and is considered the cornerstone of evidence-based prevention and health promotion activities in the world.

A

False; America only

32
Q

T/F: The Healthy People Initiative is coordinated by the World Health Organization.

A

False; coordinated by the US Dept of Health and Human Services (DHHS)

33
Q

T/F: HP2020 was published in the year 2000.

A

False; 2010 (every decade since 1990)

34
Q

What are the overarching goals of HP2020?

A

high quality, longer lives;
eliminate disparities;
social and physical environments that promote good health;
quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors

35
Q

T/F: HP2020 consists of 42 Leading Health Indicators and 12 Focus areas.

A

False; vice-versa

36
Q

T/F: A Wellness Model of Practice contains the following components: adjusting, screening for risk factors, and health behavior counseling.

A

True

Public Health (8 decks)

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