Midterm Part 2

Question 1

What is the term for the study of the distribution and patterns of health and disease and their cases in populations?

Answer 1

Epidemiology

Question 2

What are the 5 popular questions asked by epidemiologists?

Answer 2

How many, who, when, where, and what do they have in common

Question 3

What is the term for the number of existing cases of a disease in a population at a given time?

Answer 3

prevalence

Question 4

What is the term for the number of cases at a specific point in time?

Answer 4

point prevalence

Question 5

What is the term for the number of cases over a specified period of time?

Answer 5

Period prevalence

Question 6

T/F: Prevalence is a measure of risk for developing the disease.

Answer 6

False; this is true of incidence

Question 7

What is the term for the number of new cases of a disease within a specified population during a given time period?

Answer 7

Incidence

Question 8

T/F: Acute diseases do not last longer than a month.

Answer 8

False; acute diseases can last up to 3 months

Question 9

T/F: Chronic diseases are those that last 3 months or more.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

T/F: An endemic disease is one which is constantly present in the community or population.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What public health term is used when a large number of cases that are out of proportion to what is normally expected?

Answer 11

Epidemic disease

Question 12

What term is used when only a few scattered cases of a disease occur within an area or population?

Answer 12

sporadic disease

Question 13

What is the term used to describe when an epidemic occurs simultaneously on more than one continent?

Answer 13

pandemic disease

Question 14

What is incidence?

Answer 14

a measure of risk for developing the disease

Question 15

T/F: A cause means that things are linked in some way that makes them turn up together.

Answer 15

False; this an association (ice cream does not cause drowning in the summer)

Question 16

“Chiropractic adjustments cause strokes and death” is an example of what?

Answer 16

logical fallacy

Question 17

T/F: causation of a disease outbreak is easy to establish.

Answer 17

False; very difficult

Question 18

Regarding epidemiology, what 3 things are included in Descriptive Studies?

Answer 18

who, when, where

Question 19

What are the two basic types of Analytical studies?

Answer 19

Experimental and observational

Question 20

What kind of research/study is considered the “Gold Standard”

Answer 20

Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT)

Question 21

T/F: An RCT is an example of an observational study.

Answer 21

False; experimental study

Question 22

T/F: RCTs are the Gold Standard because bias is minimized and the ability to make causal inferences is enhanced.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Cohorts, case-control, cross-sectional, and case studies are all examples of what kind of study?

Answer 23

observational

Question 24

T/F: Cohort studies are retrospective

Answer 24

False; they are prospective (look forward)

Question 25

T/F: Case-Control studies are retrospective and use existing records to determine populations at risk.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

T/F: During a cohort study, the cohort is identifies in present time and followed up prospectively.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

T/F: Cross-Sectional studies are also known as cohort studies.

Answer 27

False; Cross-sectional aka survey (no follow-up)

Question 28

T/F: Case Reports are useful in describing novel and interesting studies and commonly help to develop hypotheses.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

What are the two main types of Secondary Data Analysis?

Answer 29

Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

Question 30

T/F: One of the reasons behind HP2020 is to provide a blueprint to effectively track and address the most important health care needs of people worldwide.

Answer 30

False; HP2020 (Healthy People 2020) is for Americans, not the whole world. Sorry Canada.

Question 31

T/F: The Healthy People Initiative (HP2020) focuses on disease prevention/health promotion, and is considered the cornerstone of evidence-based prevention and health promotion activities in the world.

Answer 31

False; America only

Question 32

T/F: The Healthy People Initiative is coordinated by the World Health Organization.

Answer 32

False; coordinated by the US Dept of Health and Human Services (DHHS)

Question 33

T/F: HP2020 was published in the year 2000.

Answer 33

False; 2010 (every decade since 1990)

Question 34

What are the overarching goals of HP2020?

Answer 34

high quality, longer lives; eliminate disparities; social and physical environments that promote good health; quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors

Question 35

T/F: HP2020 consists of 42 Leading Health Indicators and 12 Focus areas.

Answer 35

False; vice-versa

Question 36

T/F: A Wellness Model of Practice contains the following components: adjusting, screening for risk factors, and health behavior counseling.

Answer 36

True