Midterm Part 1 Flashcards
What is the definition of Health as defined by the World Health Organization?
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
T/F: Public health is clearly defined by WHO and this definition is universally accepted.
False; there is not one, universally accepted, definition of public health
What is the oldest and largest organization of public health professionals in the world?
American Public Health Association (1872)
What organization defines Public Health as a series of individuals, communities, activities and programs working to PROMOTE health, PREVENT disease/injury/premature death, and to ENSURE conditions in which we all can be safe and healthy?
American Public Health Association (APHA)
What organization defines public health as what we as a society do collectively to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy?
the Institute of Medicine
IOM
What are the 3 parts of the Triad/Triangle of Health?
Host, Agent, and Environment
What is the main goal of public health?
prevention
What are the 3 core functions of the 10 essential public health services?
Assessment, Policy development, and Assurance
Which core function of public health services would monitoring the health of a community fall under?
Assessment
Which core function of public health services would informing/educating people about health issues fall under?
policy development
Which core function of public health services would enforcing laws (regulations that protect health/ensure safety) fall under?
Assurance
What should the goal of any community or health care provider be?
to prolong the number of years of healthy life of the population
What is the term for the incidence of disease within a population?
Morbidity
What is the term for the number of people who have died from a disease or condition?
Mortality
T/F: Life expectancy is defined as the limit of natural life./
False; this is the definition of life span
What is the term for the average length of life a person or group is likely to live?
life expectancy
What is the current life expectancy?
78
Since the year 1900, life expectancy has risen from between late 40s-early 50s to an average life expectancy in the late 70s - early 80s. How many of those years have been attributed to advances in public health?
25
T/F: Primary care is typically based in an office setting (outpatient).
True
T/F: Tertiary care emphasizes prevention, health promotion, and health maintenance.
False; this is true of primary care
T/F: Primary care is more specific than general.
False; primary care is more general than specific (i.e. screenings)
T/F: Secondary care is considered hospital setting-based.
True
Patients who have been rendered at least partially non-ambulatory by their health problem and are bed-ridden for at least a portion of the day typically seek which type of care, secondary or tertiary?
Secondary care
T/F: Tertiary care includes so-called “routine surgeries” and is more specialized, intensive and costly than primary care.
False; this is true of secondary care
Which type of care uses more advanced techniques, equipment and personnel - secondary or tertiary?
Tertiary
Which type of care is most expensive. primary, secondary, or tertiary?
tertiary
What’s the simple way to discern primary, secondary and tertiary care?
Primary - Doc in the Box
Secondary - Imaging center
Tertiary - Mayo Clinic Specialized Surgery
T/F: Chiropractic Care is very specific and is thus considered Tertiary Care.
False; considered primary care (think prevention)
What is the term for Prevention of the occurence or the incidence of illness or injury via risk reduction in susceptible population?
Primary Prevention
What is the term fro prevention of disease/injury progression via early detection and prompt intervention?
Secondary Prevention (reduce the extent of the burden)
What type of prevention is carried out by ongoing care/rehab with the intent of preventing permanent disability/death?
Tertiary Prevention
What are the 3 major underlying resources of healthcare infrastructure (how public health services are organized and delivered)?
Agencies, People, and Funding
What are the 3 major types of Agencies?
Governmental (public),
Quasi-Governmental (hybrid)
Non-governmental (private - NGO)
What 4 main levels are Governmental Agencies found at?
International (WHO)
National (CDC)
State (Iowa Dept of Health)
Local (Scott County HD)
What is the primary funding fro Governmental Agencies like the CDC?
taxes or assessments
T/F: All countries have a primary dept or agency responsible for the health of the citizens.
True
What is the largest department of the US federal government?>
Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) - 25% of total budget
What Government Agency was established in 1946 in Atlanta?
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
T/F: The CDC was established 2 years after the WHO.
False; the CDC was established 2 years BEFORE WHO (1946 and 1948)
T/F: Other health agencies that contribute to the nation’s health in the US include the USDA, OSHA, EPA, and DHS.
True
T/F: Not all states have their own Dept of Health.
False
T/F: the local health departments are the responsibility of the city or county government and there are almost 3,000 nationwide
True
What is an example of a Quasi-governmental agency?
Red Cross
What are the “Big Three” Non-governmental organizations?
American Cancer Society
American Heart Association
American Lung Association
What type of agency is the American Public Health Association?
NGO
What type of agency is the World Federation of Chiropractic?
Has status with the WHO as a formally affiliated NGO
T/F: Most Service, Social, and Religious Organizations that sponsor health-related programs are considered Quasi-Governmental Agencies.
False; Nongovernmental Health Agencies
