Midterm ( Massage Theory + Practice ) Flashcards
Claudius Galen
Claudius Galen, known in english as Galen, was a Greek Physician who built on the theories of Hippocrates. He moved to Rome where he lectured, conducted experiments on animals to develop his understanding of anatomy, and wrote 22 volumes. Wrote The Elements According to Hippocrates
Golgi Tendon Organs
Propriocepters that monitor muscle tension and tendon strain
Homeostasis
The relative constancy of the body’s internal environment maintained by adaptive responses in spite of changing environmental conditions
Palpation
Data obtained through touch based on the client’s tissue textures, tone, temperature, and hydration
Gate Theory
Pyschologist Rondald Melzack + Patrick wall introduced the gate control theory of pain management in a paper published in Science magazine. They believed that the spinal cord had a gating mechanism whereby nerve fibers carrying somatic stimuli relating to touch, temperature, pressure, or movement can “close the gate” to dull aching pain information traveling to the brain.
Per Henrik Ling
An austrian credited with creating Medical gymnastics, built on the work of many people to to develop a structured movement system called swedish gymnastics
Douglas Graham
began publishing articles using Mezger’s terminology, where the term “massage” was first used. Considered by some to be the “Father of Swedish Massage”
Johann Metzer
Coined the terms : effleurage, petrissage, etc
named the strokes
Aesculapius
“God of Medicine” founded the first gymnasium- places devoted to excercise, massage, and baths
Hippocrates
“Father of Medicine” He esteemed the use of daily massage and designated the term “anatripsis” to mean the art of rubbing a body part TOWARD the heart
Effleurage ( What tissue does it come in contact with? Does it Lift or compress? )
- compresses and stretches skin, broadens tissue
* Superficial tissue
Petrissage ( Tissue and lift or compress? )
- Lifts tissue
* Deep Tissue
Friction ( Tissue and lift or compress? )
- Compress Tissue
* Deep Tissue
Vibration ( Tissue and lift or compress? )
- Compress?
* Deep Tissue
Tapotement ( Tissue and lift or compress? )
- Stimulates Tissue
* Superficial
What country can we thank for developing Shiatsu?
Japan
Variations of Effleurage
Gliding, Fanning, Shingling
Variations of Petrissage
Kneading, Fulling, Rolling
Variations of Friction
Compression, Cross Fiber, Linear, Circular
Variations of Tapotement
Hacking, Pounding, Cupping
Varations of Vibration
Jostling, Shaking, Trembling
Variations of Swedish Gymnastics
Passive, Active, Resistive
Difference Physiological Effects : Mechanical vs Reflexive
Mechanical or primary effects are those we create manually, such as stretching a muscle. They are the body changes that we, as practitioners directly cause.
Reflexive or secondary effects occur as a result of our massage but which we do not create manually. They are indirect responses to touch that affect body functions and tissues through the nervous or energy systems of the body.
Mechanical Effects Effleurage
Compresses and stretches skin, broadens tissue, moves venous fluids, moves local lymphatic fluids, reduces edema, aids local circulation by moving fluids/waste products, warm superficial tissue, and desquamation of skin cells
Mechanical Effects Petrissage
warms skin and deeper tissues, stretches and broadens muscles, stretches vessels (veins and lymphatics), improves local circulation, moves local interstitial fluids, helps break-up and or prevent adhesions
Mechanical Effects Friction
temporary ischema, compresses and spreads muscle fibers, loosens fascial adhesions
Mechanical Effects Vibration
stimulates synovial activity, loosens muscle fibers, loosens joint ligaments
Mechanical Effects Tapotement
increases gaseous exchange (coughing), cupping over the thorax loosens mucous, tapping over the sinuses loosens mucous
Reflexive Effleurage
Relaxing- elicits para sympathetic response, decreases heart rate, general vasodilation- blood vessels widen, increases endorphins, can decrease pain
Reflexive Petrissage
encourages relaxation when performed slowly, encourages stimulation when performed rapidly, affects proprioception, increases peristalsis over abdomen, increases elimination of metabolic waste
Reflexive Friction
Hyperemia, decreases local/referred pain (gate theory), relaxes muscles (golgi tendon organ), increases peristalsis, increases circulation, increases flexibility, increases muscle function
Reflexive Vibration
Penetrating nerve stimulation, stimulates organs (when applied over the abdomen or low back), (jostling) decreases muscle guarding, reduces pain (gate theory), hyperemia, increases circulation
Reflexive Tapotement
Stimulates muscles, nerve stimulation, stimulates organs, stimulates skin, vessels, etc., hyperemia, increases circulation
C/I’s Effleurage
Acute inflammation, pitted edema, newly formed scar tissue, very hairy skin, hyperesthesia (ticklish)
C/I’s Petrissage
Atrophied muscles (when muscles waste away), flaccid paralysis (a clinical manifestation characterized by weakness or paralysis and reduced muscle tone without other obvious cause, recent injuries
C/I’s Friction
recent acute injuries, neuritis (inflammation of a nerve), rheumatoid arthritis, and any contraindication associated to effleurage or petrissage is also a contraindication to friction except for hairy skin and hyperesthesia
C/I’s Vibration
muscle spasm, spastic paralysis, insomnia, neuralgia- nerve pain, fatigue, over the low abdomen during pregnancy or mensutration, over the kidneys
C/I’s Tapotement
muscle spasm, spastic paralysis, insomnia, neuralgia- nerve pain, fatigue, over the low abdomen during pregnancy or mensturation, over the kidneys
C/I’s of Swedish Gymnastics
Tear to a ligament, tendon or muscle, acute injuries, unhealed fracture, post-surgery, heart conditions
Mechanical Effect Swedish Gymnastics
Stretches muscle tissue + related soft tissue, increases flexibility and ROM at a specific joint, increases blood suppy and nutrition to joints and muscles, removes lymph and waste (with movement- mostly with active ROM), loosens adhesions by working the muslce/ movement
Reflexive Effects Swedish Gymnastics
Stimulates the nervous system, increases blood and body temperature, tones muscles
Caustic to Most Caustic :
sterilization, antiseptics, disinfectants, fungicides
?
Two branches of autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic = flight or fight Parasympathetic = relax
Types of Swedish Gymnastics
Active = Client performs movement while therapist observes. Verbal instructions are given to client
Passive = Client totally relaxed while performing movement
Resistive= Client resists LMP’s movement for healing purposes
Which movement assesses strength best?
Resistive
S of Soap
Subjective information
In client’s words. Symptom, Location, Intensity, Duration, Frequency, and Onset
O of Soap
Objective Information
Findings, Palpable visual results. Techniques/Modalities, Location/Duration, Response to Treatment
A of Soap
Includes SMART Goals
Specific, Measureable, Attainable, Relevant, Time Bound Goals
P of Soap
Treatment plan for LMP and Homework for Client
Future Treatment/Frequency
Isometric contraction
in an isometic contraction, tension is generated, but the joint angle and muscle length do not change. Isometric contractions are important because they are used to stabilize joints such as when an object is held in a fixed position. For example, pushing the hands against a wall causes an isometric contraction because the tension increases in the arm muscles but their length stays the same
Isotonic Contraction
this is a muscle contraction in which muscle length and joint angle are changed in response to the tension generated in the muscle. Eccentric and concentric contractions are two different isotonic contractions
Concentric Contraction
Concentric contraction occurs when the muscle shortens
Eccentric Contraction
eccentric contraction occurs when the muscle lengthens
Endangerment Sites
Triangle of Neck, Axilla, Around Elbow, Delto Pectoral Region, Close to Eyes, Temporomandibular Joint, Xiphoid Process, Femoral Triangle, Peroneal Nerve, Foramen Magnum, Kidney Area, Popliteal Region, Spine and SI Joints
