Memmler Chapter Two (Chemistry)

Question 1

Chemistry

Answer 1

The science that deals with the composition and properties of matter.

Question 2

Elements

Answer 2

Unique substances that make up all matter.

Question 3

Atoms

Answer 3

Smaller units of elements

Question 4

Protons

Answer 4

Positively charged particles (in nucleus of an atom)

Question 5

Neutrons

Answer 5

Noncharged particles (in nucleus of an atom)

Question 6

Electrons

Answer 6

In orbit around the nucleus- weightless particles that are negatively charged

Question 7

Atomic Number

Answer 7

equal to the number of protons that are present in the nucleus of its atoms.

Question 8

Ionic Bond

Answer 8

When electrons are transfered from one atom to another

Question 9

Electrolytes

Answer 9

When ionically bonded substances dissolve in water- the atoms separate as ions. Compounds that release ions when they dissolve in water are called electrolytes.

Question 10

Covalent Bond

Answer 10

This bond involves not the exchange of electrons but a sharing of electrons between the atoms

Question 11

Molecule

Answer 11

When two or more atoms unite covalently

Question 12

Compound

Answer 12

Any substance composed of two or more different elements (includes both ionically and covalently bonded substances)

Question 13

Mixtures

Answer 13

Blends of 2 or more substances

Question 14

Solution

Answer 14

A mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another

Question 15

Solvent

Answer 15

The dissolving substance, which in the body is water, is called the solvent

Question 16

Solute

Answer 16

The substance dissolved, table salt in the case of salt water, is the solute

Question 17

Aqueous solution

Answer 17

one in which water is solvent

Question 18

Suspension

Answer 18

The substance distributed in the background material is not dissolved and will settle out unless the mixture is constantly shaken. Example = Finger paints, milk of magnesia, etc

Question 19

Colloids

Answer 19

Some organic compounds form colloids in which the molecules do not dissolve yet remain evenly distributed in the suspending material

Question 20

Acid

Answer 20

Chemical substance capable of releasing a hydrogen ion when dissolved in water

Question 21

Base

Answer 21

Chemical substance that can accept a hydrogen ion

Question 22

Organic Compounds

Answer 22

Complex molecules that characterize living things are called organic compounds

Question 23

Carbon

Answer 23

All of organic compounds are built on the element : carbon

Question 24

Monosaccharides

Answer 24

simple sugars

Question 25

Glucose

Answer 25

a simple sugar that circulates in the blood as a cellular nutrient. is an example of a monosaccharide

Question 26

Disaccharides

Answer 26

Two simple sugars linked together

Question 27

Polysaccharides

Answer 27

Many simple sugars linked together

Question 28

Lipids

Answer 28

are a class of organic compounds that are not soluble in water. Mainly found in the body as fat.

Question 29

Enzymes

Answer 29

Proteins that are essential for metabolism.

Question 30

Nucleotide

Answer 30

One additional class of organic compounds is composed of building blocks called nucleotides.