Midterm (Lessons 1-4)

Question 1

Tendon connects ______ to ______

Answer 1

muscle to bone

Question 2

Sheath of fibrous CT surrounding the entire muscle

Answer 2

Epimysium

Question 3

Layer of CT surrounding a bundle of up to 150 fasciculi

Answer 3

Permysium

Question 4

Bundle of muscle fibers

Answer 4

Fasciculi

Question 5

A fine layer of CT wrapping each muscle fiber

Answer 5

Endomysium

Question 6

Cylindrical, multinucleated fiber that makes up skeletal muscles

Answer 6

Muscle cell

Question 7

Skeletal muscle structure from greatest to smallest

Answer 7

Muscle
Epimysium
Permysium
Fasciculi
Endomysium
Muscle Fiber
Myofibrils

Question 8

What is the benefit of having a “fish net” capillary bed when supplying the muscles with blood?

Answer 8

Allows for increased oxygen supply and carbon dioxide removal during rhythmic contractions

Question 9

During prolonged, high-force contractions, blood flow is _____ and anaerobic/aerobic energy systems provide fuel (ATP)

Answer 9

Occluded; anaerobic

Question 10

Angiogenesis

Answer 10

Formation of new blood vessels

Question 11

Capillary density

Answer 11

the number of capillaries per unit cross-sectional area of muscle

Question 12

Capillary density increases with _____ training

Answer 12

chronic endurance/aerobic

Question 13

Intramuscular PCr will increase with ______ training

Answer 13

chronic strength

Question 14

Sarcolemma

Answer 14

thin, elastic membrane that encloses the fiber’s cellular contents

Question 15

Plasmalemma

Answer 15

cell membrane that fuses with tendon and conducts an action potential

Question 16

What are the precursor to muscle cells called?

Answer 16

Satellite cells

Question 17

What are the functions of satellite cells?

Answer 17

muscle growth/development
Response to injury, immobilization, & training

Question 18

The cytoplasm of the muscle cell is called _____

Answer 18

sarcoplasm

Question 19

What are the unique features of sarcoplasm?

Answer 19

glycogen storage; myoglobin

Question 20

Transverse-tubules

Answer 20

extensions of the plasmalemma that carry AP deep into the muscle fiber

Question 21

The area of Ca2+ storage is the

Answer 21

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 22

What is the functional unit of the muscle fiber?

Answer 22

Sarcomere

Question 23

The dark stripes of the muscle fiber:

Answer 23

A-bands

Question 24

The light stripes of the muscle fiber:

Answer 24

I-bands

Question 25

The middle of the A-band is the

Answer 25

H-zone

Question 26

The middle of the H-zone is the

Answer 26

M-band

Question 27

The common boundary structure of the sarcomere is

Answer 27

the z-bands

Question 28

The I-band contains actin/myosin filaments

Answer 28

actin

Question 29

The A-band contains actin/myosin filaments

Answer 29

actin AND myosin

Question 30

The H-zone contains actin/myosin filaments

Answer 30

myosin

Question 31

What are the 3 proteins that make up actin?

Answer 31

Actin
Troponin
Tropomyosin

Question 32

Which protein fiber of the actin contains the myosin binding site?

Answer 32

Actin

Question 33

The ______ of actin covers the active site

Answer 33

Tropomyosin

Question 34

The _____ moves the tropomyosin

Answer 34

troponin

Question 35

What is the purpose of the globular heads on the myosin?

Answer 35

Bind with actin and pull it close (wow, romantic), cause muscle contraction

Question 36

Relaxed state of the sliding filament theory:

Answer 36

No actin-myosin interaction
Actin and myosin overlap a bit
Troponin covers myosin binding site

Question 37

Contraction state of the sliding filament:

Answer 37

Globular head attaches to binding site
POWER STROKE pulls actin toward center
Actin and myosin slide past each other